셸리의 『시의 옹호』와 시의 생태적 옹호 (Shelley’s Defence of Poetry and Ecological Defence of Poetry)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 문학과환경학회
· 수록지 정보 : 문학과환경 / 21권 / 4호 / 107 ~ 138페이지
· 저자명 : 양승갑

초록

본 연구는 셸리의 『시의 옹호』를 ‘생태적 관점’에서 접근하려 한다. 즉, 시는 ‘자연물로서의 인간이 선험적으로 지닌 동물적 본성의 끈질긴 욕구’에서 발생하는 노래임을 셸리가 보여주고 있음을 규명하고자 한다.
이러한 시와 인간 사이에 놓인 환원주의적 규명은 『시의 옹호』에서 드러나는 인간의 감각과 이성 사이의 관계, 인간과 인간(사회) 사이의 관계 그리고 인간과 자연의 관계에 대한 포괄적인 고찰을 그 토대로 한다. 이를 위하여 셸리의 『시의 옹호』와 ‘심층 생태’가 지닌 긴밀한 생태적 연관성을 살펴보고, 이를 토대로 시가 지닌 사회적 영향력을 살펴보았다.
결과적으로, 이 모든 고찰은 셸리의 『시의 옹호』에 드러나는 시를 통해 맺어지는 인간과 자연과의 실존적 연대(連帶) 즉, 셸리의 용어를 빌어 표현하자면, “모든 것의 통일성에 바탕을 둔 조화로움”을 드러내기 위함이다. 또한, 부차적으로는, 이러한 고찰을 통하여 위기의 시기를 극복하기 위한 시의 효능을 규명하는 것이기도 하다.

영어초록

This study approaches Shelley's A Defense of Poetry from an ecological perspective. This perspective tries to clarify that Shelley shows that poetry is ‘a song that arises from the persistent desire for the intrinsic nature that humans have had as a natural object in nature.’ This investigation into the reductionism placed between humans and nature through poetry is based upon comprehensive examinations of the relationship between human sense and reason, between one human being and human beings (society), and between humans and nature, as revealed in A Defense of Poetry.
Shelley asserts in A Defense of Poetry that “we want the poetry of life”(37), and “poetry is the record of the happiest moments of the happiest and best minds”(40). From a realistic point of view today, his rendering of truth, goodness and beauty to the vitality of poetry can be seen as too romantic and as aesthetic also. However, in the vitality with which he imbues poetry, there grows a huge deep-rooted nature and a transcendental and inherent symbiosis between humans and nature. Through poetry, he wants man to rediscover the original relationship that has been petrified within him as time passes. This individual awareness, he believes, leads next to the awareness of relationships of others in society and eventually expands to an awareness of all relationships in the vast universe.
The entire process of awareness through poetry, Shelley suggests, is a reductive recognition that the beautiful order of nature is an existential order that intrinsically constitutes human beings. Consequently, ‘poetry is not about writing, it is about awareness of all relationships among humans, nature, and the universe and about the resonance of them all in human mind,’ which is Shelley’s ‘ars poetica’(prosody).
In the beautiful order of nature, light and darkness coexist harmoniously. The situation of COVID-19 that all mankind is experiencing is a dark realm, and the only way to overcome it is, as history proves, through nature's prescription of ‘herd immunity'. In the darkness of nature, there is an ‘order of circulation' that promises the light, which can be called as the self-purification of nature. But this circulation cannot be found in the darkness of human civilization, where global pharmaceutical companies and some superpowers of the world strengthen their wealth by using the darkness. The awareness of the beautiful order of nature, which poetry can trigger, is the wisdom that nature has bestowed upon man, and can act as the best deterrent against all the impatience and excesses of human society today.

참고자료

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