모리스 바레스의 민족주의(1880-1914) : 지역주의 사상을 중심으로 (Nationalism in the thought of Maurice Barrès, 1880-1914: Focus on the idea of His Regionalism)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국서양사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 서양사론 / 122호 / 161 ~ 188페이지
· 저자명 : 마은지

초록

This study aimed to explain the characteristics of Maurice Barrè’ nationalism. It examined how to connect his idea of nation to his activism. His nationalism appeared in the crisis of the idea of developing a republican nation. Barrè denounced this idea: the centralized government forcing state-centered nationalization. This idea may inspire patriotism into the hearts of the people and instill the in their consciousness the concept of a nation enjoying equal citizenship.
So the idea seemed to achieve political unity. But Barrè pointed out the problems of patriotism of this kind –it was only administrative patriotism and had its limitations. And, he brought to the national consciousness these limitations. His awareness of the decadence of the society of his time made him rediscover the tradition to which he looked for a discipline. In short, his activism of nationalism was expressed through the attacks against the overcentralization of the regime. The bad effects of a centralist system were an unstable parliament, administrative patriotism,political corruption and scandals about politicians and government officials. In turn, Barrè argued the abolition of centralization and the restoration of decentralization. He believed that only decentralization could save a decaying France. He said that decentralization could restore the effective life of the provinces politically and culturally, liberate France from the influence of foreigners, and restore the provinces lost by a centralist regime, Alsace and Lorraine.
From the emotional attachment to the land, an element of “nation” was connected to regional organization. His specific plan for decentralization was federalism. He expected that federalism would give autonomy and their own interests to local groups (region, communes) and the moral groups (aggregations, professional or of all orders). That is, communal interests to communes, regional interests to regions, and national interests to the nation. That was the regionalism of Barrè.
In conclusion, from 1880 to 1914, the nationalism of Barrè, on one hand, attacked and resisted the centralized and parliamentary regime.
His nationalism is considered as a moral regeneration campaign calling for a moral reform of the French nation. On the other hand, it was considered a kind of ethnic movement (=ethnicism) which tried to redefine France as an ethnic nation for the purpose of protecting French interests and uniting the divided society.

영어초록

This study aimed to explain the characteristics of Maurice Barrè’ nationalism. It examined how to connect his idea of nation to his activism. His nationalism appeared in the crisis of the idea of developing a republican nation. Barrè denounced this idea: the centralized government forcing state-centered nationalization. This idea may inspire patriotism into the hearts of the people and instill the in their consciousness the concept of a nation enjoying equal citizenship.
So the idea seemed to achieve political unity. But Barrè pointed out the problems of patriotism of this kind –it was only administrative patriotism and had its limitations. And, he brought to the national consciousness these limitations. His awareness of the decadence of the society of his time made him rediscover the tradition to which he looked for a discipline. In short, his activism of nationalism was expressed through the attacks against the overcentralization of the regime. The bad effects of a centralist system were an unstable parliament, administrative patriotism,political corruption and scandals about politicians and government officials. In turn, Barrè argued the abolition of centralization and the restoration of decentralization. He believed that only decentralization could save a decaying France. He said that decentralization could restore the effective life of the provinces politically and culturally, liberate France from the influence of foreigners, and restore the provinces lost by a centralist regime, Alsace and Lorraine.
From the emotional attachment to the land, an element of “nation” was connected to regional organization. His specific plan for decentralization was federalism. He expected that federalism would give autonomy and their own interests to local groups (region, communes) and the moral groups (aggregations, professional or of all orders). That is, communal interests to communes, regional interests to regions, and national interests to the nation. That was the regionalism of Barrè.
In conclusion, from 1880 to 1914, the nationalism of Barrè, on one hand, attacked and resisted the centralized and parliamentary regime.
His nationalism is considered as a moral regeneration campaign calling for a moral reform of the French nation. On the other hand, it was considered a kind of ethnic movement (=ethnicism) which tried to redefine France as an ethnic nation for the purpose of protecting French interests and uniting the divided society.

참고자료

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