공동체 유산으로서 마을숲 : ‘자연유산’과 무형유산 사이 －경북지역의 마을숲을 중심으로－ (Village Forest as Community Heritage : Between ‘Natural Heritage’ and Intangible Heritage －Focusing on Village Forests in Gyeongbuk Area－)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 실천민속학회
· 수록지 정보 : 실천민속학 연구 / 41권 / 497 ~ 524페이지
· 저자명 : 이은정

초록

이 글은 한국의 마을숲을 유산으로서 어떻게 분류하고 범주화하는 것이 타당한지 검토해보고자 하는 시도이다. 현행 문화재보호법상 마을숲은 명승과 천연기념물로 지정되어 보호되고 있는데, 개별적인 유형(有形)의 자연으로서 유산의 가치를 인정받았기 때문이다. 마을숲을 ‘자연유산’으로서 명승과 천연기념물로만 지정ㆍ보호되는 것에 대한 질문이 필요해 보인다. 왜냐하면 마을숲은 훌륭한 생태보고로 자연유산으로서 기능할 뿐만 아니라 공동체 유산으로서 무형유산적 가치 또한 상당하기 때문이다.
마을숲은 풍수라고 하는 전통적인 지리적 세계관에 따라 조성되었고, 자연재해에 대응하기 위한 전통지식으로서 공동체적 지혜가 누적되어 있으며 마을공동체의 신앙체계를 확인할수 있는 종교적 장소로 기능하고 있다. 마을숲이 마을공동체의 역사와 문화를 압축적으로 담보하고 있는 곳임에도 불구하고 현행 문화재보호법에서는 마을숲을 통해 전승되고 있는 공동체적인 전통지식과 지혜는 특별히 관리되거나 보호받지 못하고 있음을 지적하고 싶었다.
이와 같이 자연유산과 무형유산의 사이에 끼어있는 마을숲을 보다 체계적으로 보호하기위해서는 이 글에서 논의하고 있는 자연-문화 연계 통합보존관리 방식으로서 장소 중심적인접근법에 대한 고민이 필요하다.

영어초록

This study examines the classification and categorization of Korean village forests as community heritage sites through the use of examples. At present, village forests are designated as cultural assets, including natural heritage sites such as natural monuments and Myeongseung, and are protected and managed under the Cultural Heritage Protection Act. In addition to providing opportunities for excellent ecological reporting and serving as natural heritage sites, village forests possess significant intangible cultural value that makes them a unique terrain, one that is challenging to explain within the current legal framework of the Cultural Heritage Protection Act.
Village forests were created on the basis of traditional geomantic and geographical worldviews. They represent communal wisdom accumulated as traditional knowledge in response to natural disasters and serve as religious sites that reflect the faith system of the community. Despite compressing the history and culture of the village community, the communal traditional knowledge and wisdom passed down through village forests are not specially managed or protected under the current Cultural Heritage Protection Act.
To further this discussion, this study examines four village forests designated as protected natural monuments in the Gyeongbuk area. First, as an artificial forest created on the basis of specific geographical worldviews such as bibo, village forests represent a place where communal traditional knowledge is realized in response to natural disasters and social crises. Therefore, it is possible to confirm the accumulated traditional worldview and wisdom of the community members’ cooperation and solidarity. Second, to create a sustainable village forest, the autonomous and implicit rules and taboos of community members are observed. The attitude of willing compliance with rules and taboos for community benefit is considered a political practice based on ecological thinking that recognizes the interconnectedness of everything in the world. As a community heritage site, the village forest satisfies practical needs for the benefit of the entire community, while also being a physical and cultural landscape of the village.
In conclusion, this study aims to contribute to constructing a more productive cultural heritage discourse by raising the issue of the dichotomous classification system of cultural heritage as tangible heritage(including natural heritage) and intangible heritage through the examples of village forests.

참고자료

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