오장환 시의 보여주기 기법과 현실 대응 방식 - 산문시와 숨은 화자를 중심으로 (The Showing Technique and Reality Response Method in Oh Jang-hwan's Poetry - Focusing on his prose poetry and the hidden persona)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 원광대학교 인문학연구소
· 수록지 정보 : 열린정신 인문학 연구 / 23권 / 2호 / 57 ~ 94페이지
· 저자명 : 강유환

초록

본 연구는 오장환 시의 새로운 가치를 발견하기 위해 문단 데뷔 초기에 집중적으로 창작한 산문시를 정밀하게 분석한 내용이다. 산문시 형식의 시가 주가 되며 화자가 작품 속에 숨어 있는 시들을 중심으로 고찰하였다. 오장환은 신문학의 길은 인간을 위한 문학을 하는 것이고 개인 이익보다 복리를 위한 방향으로 나가야 한다고 역설한다. 산문 형식 틀에 근대적 감수성을 담은 작품들은 혁신적인 내용이다. 시적 화자는 작품 속에 숨어 당대 현실을 객관적으로 관찰하며 대상에게 자기감정을 이입하지 않거나 감성을 앞세우지 않는다. 오장환의 이러한 작업은 서정시의 보편적 방식에서 벗어났다.
새로운 세계로 나가기 위해서는 익숙한 관념을 낯설게 보는 시각이 필요하다. 오장환은 당위적이고 보편적이라고 믿는 관념이 은폐한 근대 풍경을 노출시킨다. 시의 화자는 새로운 것을 가로막는 세계와 근대에 기생하는 문제적 가치나 관념을 발견하여 충실하게 보였다. 실재로서 존재하지만 아무도 보지 못한 공시적 현실을 그는 존재하게 만든다. 숨은 화자는 대부분 중립적이며 객관적인 관찰자다. 관찰자 시점으로 보여주는 기법은 현상에 객관적 거리감을 갖고 비판적으로 보게 하려는 소격효과와 밀접하다.
화자가 주관을 배제하고 대상과 거리를 유지할수록 감상하는 이는 문면 내용에 폭넓게 개입할 수 있게 된다. 관찰자 구실의 화자가 지속적이며 연속적으로 노출시킨 장면이나 상황 모두가 오장환이 인식한 부정한 현실들이다. 이것의 충실한 재현은 실재를 제대로 보는 사람만이 가능한 작업이다. 오장환은 의미 부여가 되기 이전의 대상을 출현시켜 현상의 본질과 문제성을 보게 하고 이의 자각을 통해 인식의 전환을 꾀하게 한다. 경험적 자아를 분리하고 대상이나 풍경을 객관화하여 당대 삶과 진실에 더 접근하게 만든 오장환 산문시는 근대 시사에서 특이하고 선구적이다.

영어초록

To examine new points about Oh Jang-hwan’s poems, this study has precisely analyzed his prose poetry published intensively in the beginning of his debut in the literary world. The poems are mostly prose poems, and the poems mainly considered here are those of which persona is hidden inside the work. Oh Jang-hwan stressed that new literature should be oriented not to personal benefits but to welfare. He clearly stated that new literature should be for the sake of humans and it needs to be directed to it. Oh Jang-hwan’s work that melted the aspects of a society with poetic materials and embodied it not as a prose but in a compressed form, in fact, required a tremendous amount of concentration. Being freed from the universal method of lyric poems, Oh Jang-hwan sought the formal frame that could embrace modern sensitivity and also the innovation of contents. It is the way of neither inserting his own feelings into the poems nor setting his own sentiment at the head. The persona hidden in the poems did show the reality of his time objectively observing it, and all that the persona witnessed formed the scenes consisting of colonized modernity.
Oh Jang-hwan exposed the scenes concealed getting ruled by the notions believed to be rightful, sensible, and universal. In order to go towards the new world, it was needed to have a view to see the universal notions that were familiar and covered what were problematic with a discerning eye. The scenes that existed substantially but they were unwilling to see were made to exist by Oh Jang-hwan. What the persona in Oh Jang-hwan’s poems discovered was the world where things that were unfamiliar were blocking what were new. The hidden persona revealed these were the problematic values or notions that lived parasitically in the modern society. He found the facts, values, or notions either distorted or concealed by the familiar view and revealed them faithfully. The things captured and lined up by the persona were all synchronic realities of the time. The personas hidden inside the poems were mostly neutral and objective observers. He did faithfully play his roles in deferring interpretation about the reality of the time and showing it. The significance of this work lies in making and showing the object no meaning is given to previously and allowing us to realize the essence of phenomena. The way of showing a scene from the view point of an observer was intended to let us be distant from the phenomena and see them objectively and critically. With the viewpoint intended by him, unnecessary values or notions that were parasitic on the modern society came to be revealed.
As the persona excludes his own views and maintains distance from the object, those appreciating can intervene with the contents of the work extensively. If we try to blend the scenes or situations that the persona playing roles as observers exposed continuously and consistently into a thing, we may find it is the unjust reality of the time that poet Oh Jang-hwan did confront. The loyal reproduction of it only could be done by the one that could see the reality just as it was. He made it play roles as an index that allowed people to recognize the reality, encouraged the conversion of their thinking, and led them to a better world. The work Oh Jang-hwan did with his poems to separate his empirical ego from the contents, objectify the objects or scenes and let them exist in modern space, and make them closer to the life or truth of the time was fairly unique and pioneering in the history of modern poetry. Accordingly, this author deems that we should find the value of Oh Jang-hwan’s poems from his prose poems embodied by the sight of hidden personas.

참고자료

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