宋代 茶法의 處罰規定과 그 變化 (The Punishment Regulation and Its Change of the Legal Code of Tea in the Song Dynasty)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 중국사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 중국사연구 / 108호 / 135 ~ 163페이지
· 저자명 : 서은미

초록

차에 대한 징세와 전매가 시작됨에 따라 차와 관련된 위법행위에 대한 처벌도 시작되었다. 차와 관련된 처벌규정은 술과 소금 등 전매품목의 규정과 일정한 연계를 가지면서도 독립적인 규정이 있었다. 전매상품에 대한 단속규정은 송조가 건국되고 통일을 이루는 태종 太平興國年間(976~983)에 기본적인 틀을 갖추었다.
단속의 대상은 불법적인 활동에 의해 유통되는 차에서 차나무, 이어서 차의 종자와 묘목에까지 확대되었다. 茶引法의 시행에 따라 引의 기간, 차를 담는 용기인 籠篰의 규격에 이르기까지 규정되고 어길 경우의 처벌 조항이 정해졌다. 남송대에는 북송초에 시행되었던 최고형인 사형을 다시 처벌하기도 하였다.
차의 단속과 처벌 규정은 세밀해지고 대상도 확대되었지만 근본적이 해결책이 될 수는 없었다. 차법의 시행은 처음부터 중앙의 재원확보라는 목표를 가지고 있었고 이는 일관된 시행의 목적이었다. 밀매의 발생은 단속의 부족 때문이 아니라 판매지에 따라 커다란 이익이 존재했던 상황에 있었다. 판매지에 대한 고가판매정책을 개선하지 않고서는 밀매의 발생을 근본적으로 해결할 수 없었다.

영어초록

The illegal acts began to be punished according to the beginning of tea taxation and monopoly. The punishment regulations of the monopoly such as alcohol and salt were related to each other. On the hand, the punishment regulation of the legal code of tea was related to alcohol and salt, on the other hand there are also independent regulations. At the time when the Song dynasty was unified, punishment provisions also had a basic framework.
The Rules for the Punishment of the legal code of tea in the Song dynasty originated from the regulation of smuggling in the Tang dynasty. In the early days of the establishment, it was important to secure the volume of the tea in accordance with the implementation of the tea monopoly. Therefore, strict punishment was made. This reflected the willingness of the state to implement policies.
In the case of Tae-Ping Hung-gook(太平興國, 976~983), the punishment clause seems to have been eased by the elimination of the death penalty clause. However, in reality, detailed enforcement provisions were completed. At this time the fact was that the volume of the crackdown was greatly increased compared to that of the early founding period. Illegal activities were difficult to crack down on strict controls.
The object of the crackdown was expanded from tea distributed by illegal activities to tea trees, followed by tea seeds and seedlings. In the Southern Song dynasty, the prisoner was sentenced to death again.
The regulation and punishment of the tea was elaborated and the subject expanded, but it could not be the fundamental solution. The enactment of the legal code of tea had the goal of securing central funding from the outset and was the goal of consistent implementation. The occurrence of trafficking was not due to lack of enforcement, but rather to the fact that there was a huge profit depending on the place of sale. Without improving the high-priced sales policy for the sales area, the occurrence of smuggling could not be fundamentally solved.

참고자료

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