16세기 한 양반가 부인의 재산축적과 소유의식 -慶州孫氏家門 和順崔氏를 중심으로- (A Study on the Asset Accumulation and Ownership of Yangban lady in the 16th Century -with Emphasis on about Ms. Choi of Hwasoon Gamun(clan) who married into a Gyeongju Sonssi Gamun-)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국고문서학회
· 수록지 정보 : 古文書硏究 / 36권 / 97 ~ 120페이지
· 저자명 : 한효정

초록

이 논문에서는 16세기 경주손씨가문의 和順崔氏라는 한 부인의 재산축적과 그에 대한 소유의식의 성격을 검토하였다. 16세기 경주손씨가문의 재산은 2-3배 증가하였다. 증가된 재산의 소종래를 추적해본 결과 절반이상이 화순최씨에 의해 조성되었던 사실을 발견할 수 있었다. 화순최씨의 재산은 친정상속분을 바탕으로 전답 또는 노비를 매득하거나 노비의 記上 등의 방법으로 증가하였다.
16세기 전반기 경주손씨가문의 전답매매명문의 연도별 추이를 살펴볼 때 불규칙했던 전답거래가 1530년 이후 꾸준하게 이루어졌던 점을 발견할 수 있었다. 이러한 변화에 대한 요인은 1529년 손중돈 사후 화순최씨가 경주로 낙향한 이후 전답거래를 추진했던 것과 관련이 깊다. 화순최씨는 손자인 손광서, 거래대행 노비를 통해 때로는 본인이 직접 전답을 거래하며 개인과 집안 소유의 토지를 확대시키며 재산을 확대하였다.
화순최씨에게 주목할 만한 또 하나의 면모는 평소 아끼던 수양녀이자 친정조카딸을 義孫 손광서와 혼인시켰다는 점으로, 이는 재산상속과 밀접한 관련이 있었다. 16세기에 無子女亡女의 재산귀속은 매우 첨예한 문제였다. 이러한 시점에 자식이 없던 화순최씨가 생전 3차례에 걸쳐 義孫인 손광서에게 집중적으로 상속하였다. 화순최씨가 친정의 本孫을 배제하고 義孫을 상속인으로 선택했던 이유로 단순하게 宗法的 家乘의식을 떠나 복합적 측면이 있었다는 점이 분재기와 입안 분석을 통해 발견되었다. 혈연, 애정, 노후․사후봉양에 대한 신뢰, 평생 이룩한 자신의 재산에 대한 소유의식 등은 유교적 가승의식과 더불어 화순최씨가 손광서를 후계자로 선택했던 요소로 작용했던 것이다. 이러한 측면에서 기존의 양측적 친족의식과 성리학적 예제질서가 접변적 현상을 보였던 16세기의 시대적 특징을 찾아볼 수 있다.

영어초록

This thesis studies on economic activities of a Yangban lady, Ms. Choi of Hwasoon gamun(和順崔氏婦人) who married into a Gyeongju Sonssi (慶州 孫氏) gamun, as example of asset accumulation in the 16th century by Yangban ladies and the characteristics of ownership in assets. Gyeongju Sonssi gamun’s assets increased by more than twice or even three times during the 16th century. Tracing sources of such increase in assets has revealed the fact that more than a half of such enlarged asset holdings were created or initiated by Ms. Choi. Her own property increased by the sale and purchase of farmlands using her own inheritance from her maiden home or gi-sang(記上;pay to the owner in farmland) of servants.
An annual trend analysis of agreements for the sale and purchase of farmland to which the Gyeongju Sonssi clan is a party in the first half of the 16th century shows that the formerly irregular deals on farmland began to carry on steadily at the turn of the year of 1530. Such change is attributable to Ms. Choi’s strong initiatives for farmland trading when she returned to Gyeongju after Son Joong-don’s(孫仲暾) death in 1529. Ms. Choi went on increasing assets holdings by enlarging her own or family-owned farmland through Son Gwang-seo, a grandson of hers, her agent servants or directly by herself.
It is interesting to note that Ms. Choi married her niece (from her parent’s side) and much-cherished goddaughter to her sworn-grandson(義孫) Son Gwang-seo(孫光曙). Such is closed related to property inheritance, as supported by the fact that Ms. Choi inherited substantially all of her property to Son Gwaong-seo three times during her life. Reverting property of a deceased woman with no children surviving to the family in which the decedent was born was an exceedingly sensitive issue in the 16th century. It was against such a backdrop that Ms. Choi, with no children of her own, named as heir to her estate her sworn-grandson Son Gwang-seo who was not related by blood. An analysis of inheritance documents has indicated that in her decision over inheritance, Ms. Choi took into account multiple factors, not simply limited to a Confucian sense of family tradition. That is, not only the Confucian sense of family tradition, but also blood relation, affection, trust on caring for her in her old age and memorial service, her sense of ownership of property, and so forth also played a role in Ms. Choi’s appointment of her successor. Such multiplicity is a characteristic of the 16th century that the established culture of bilateral kindred and an emerging culture of the Neo-Confucian ritual practice and exercise co-existed.

참고자료

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