19세기 영국 사회 속에서의 지능 기계와 계산 기계의 의미: 19세기 영국 신문 자료와 풍자 잡지 『 펀치』 를 중심으로 (The Meaning of Intelligent Machines and Calculating Machines in Victorian Culture: Analysis of Materials from the 19th Century England Newspapers and Satirical Magazine Punch)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국과학사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 한국과학사학회지 / 44권 / 1호 / 65 ~ 110페이지
· 저자명 : 조수남

초록

In the 19th century, the England society developed negative perception of machines that could replace human physical labor whereas it did not have a similar attitude towards machines that could replace mental labor such as ‘calculating machines.’ The word ‘intelligent machine’ began to appear in the England society after the advent of Charles Babbage’s calculating machine embodying some of human mental activities. However, the term initially meant greedy aristocrats or working-class people without progressive attitude and willpower. And the meaning was gradually expanded to include passive and uncritical human beings in England. In this situation, Babbage wanted to position his calculating machine as an ‘engine’ rather than a ‘machine’ and the England society accepted Babbage’s machine as an ‘intelligent automaton’ rather than as an ‘intelligent machine.’ Technophilic imagination continued about intelligent automatons during this period, but technophobic concerns did not appear. This study examines the meaning of intelligent machines in Victorian culture by analyzing England newspaper materials and satirical magazine Punch published in the early 19th century to the early 20th century. Technical terms can be used as a metaphor to refer to various elements and phenomena in society. When we pay attention to the meaning of science and technology terms, we will be able to understand our society's perception and attitude toward science and technology anew.

영어초록

In the 19th century, the England society developed negative perception of machines that could replace human physical labor whereas it did not have a similar attitude towards machines that could replace mental labor such as ‘calculating machines.’ The word ‘intelligent machine’ began to appear in the England society after the advent of Charles Babbage’s calculating machine embodying some of human mental activities. However, the term initially meant greedy aristocrats or working-class people without progressive attitude and willpower. And the meaning was gradually expanded to include passive and uncritical human beings in England. In this situation, Babbage wanted to position his calculating machine as an ‘engine’ rather than a ‘machine’ and the England society accepted Babbage’s machine as an ‘intelligent automaton’ rather than as an ‘intelligent machine.’ Technophilic imagination continued about intelligent automatons during this period, but technophobic concerns did not appear. This study examines the meaning of intelligent machines in Victorian culture by analyzing England newspaper materials and satirical magazine Punch published in the early 19th century to the early 20th century. Technical terms can be used as a metaphor to refer to various elements and phenomena in society. When we pay attention to the meaning of science and technology terms, we will be able to understand our society's perception and attitude toward science and technology anew.

참고자료

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