러시아 문학 속의 카자크 담론- 숄로호프 작품의 카자크 민족성과 이념의 경계를 중심으로 (The Soviet Discourse in Sholokhov’s Works - the Boundary of Cossackdom and an Ideology)

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초록

The purpose of this paper is to explain a conflict of Cossackdom and the soviet ideology in M. Sholokhov’s And Quiet Flows the Don. Cossacks have a specific meaning historically and socially in comparison with other minor ethnic groups in Russia. Most of Russian historians agree that Cossacks are not a national group but a social group, because they are ethnically Russians originated from eastern Slavs and believers of Orthodox Church. Though they stirred up a few revolts in the medieval time, they generally showed a patriotism and a loyalty to the tsar. The representative Russian writers of 19th and 20th century dealt with Cossacks’ double characteristics in their novel. In Gogol’s Taras Bulba, Tolstoy’s Cossacks, Babel’s The Red Cavalry and Sholokhov’s And Quiet Flows the Don we can find a various approach to Cossackdom. The former three writers see their traditions and a way of life from the eyes of outsiders, but Sholokhov shows a different approaches. Because he was born in Cossack village and grew up with other cossacks, he can see them as a person belonging in their community. In his novels Cossacks are not just described as violent warriors, but human beings at the same time.
In the period of Bolshevik revolution and in the beginning of Soviet era, Cossacks expressed an enthusiasm for gaining a freedom and a national autonomy. And Sholokhov’s And Quiet Flows the Don is a great story of this upheaval times. In this novel Sholokhov chose the value of national identity instead of soviet ideology. There has been always two essential images in Cossack nature – one of them is violent warriors and the other is peaceful peasants. The main character Grigory Melekhov would not adapt to violence and cruelty in the war, so he discarded the honor as a war hero, instead chose a way of life as a peasant. This is not an abandonment of Cossack identity and not a denial of Soviet ideology, but a revelation of a higher value as a human being. We have to admit that the pursuit of a home and the earth is another indication of their national identity.

영어초록

The purpose of this paper is to explain a conflict of Cossackdom and the soviet ideology in M. Sholokhov’s And Quiet Flows the Don. Cossacks have a specific meaning historically and socially in comparison with other minor ethnic groups in Russia. Most of Russian historians agree that Cossacks are not a national group but a social group, because they are ethnically Russians originated from eastern Slavs and believers of Orthodox Church. Though they stirred up a few revolts in the medieval time, they generally showed a patriotism and a loyalty to the tsar. The representative Russian writers of 19th and 20th century dealt with Cossacks’ double characteristics in their novel. In Gogol’s Taras Bulba, Tolstoy’s Cossacks, Babel’s The Red Cavalry and Sholokhov’s And Quiet Flows the Don we can find a various approach to Cossackdom. The former three writers see their traditions and a way of life from the eyes of outsiders, but Sholokhov shows a different approaches. Because he was born in Cossack village and grew up with other cossacks, he can see them as a person belonging in their community. In his novels Cossacks are not just described as violent warriors, but human beings at the same time.
In the period of Bolshevik revolution and in the beginning of Soviet era, Cossacks expressed an enthusiasm for gaining a freedom and a national autonomy. And Sholokhov’s And Quiet Flows the Don is a great story of this upheaval times. In this novel Sholokhov chose the value of national identity instead of soviet ideology. There has been always two essential images in Cossack nature – one of them is violent warriors and the other is peaceful peasants. The main character Grigory Melekhov would not adapt to violence and cruelty in the war, so he discarded the honor as a war hero, instead chose a way of life as a peasant. This is not an abandonment of Cossack identity and not a denial of Soviet ideology, but a revelation of a higher value as a human being. We have to admit that the pursuit of a home and the earth is another indication of their national identity.

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