과거 속에서 현재를 보다 －부르크하르트의 『이탈리아 르네상스의 문화』－ (Seeing the Present in the Past: Jacob Burckhardt’s Die Kultur der Renaissance in Italien)

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초록

The aim of this paper is first, to introduce the main concepts and contents of Jacob Burckhardt’s Die Kultur der Renaissance in Italien (1860), and then to review many “revisional” and critical views of the work, and finally to reappraise the work from a current perspective. The three main concepts of the Burckhardt’s Renaissance book are ‘the development of individuals,’ ‘the rebirth of ancient Greek and Roman cultures,’ and ‘the discovery of human beings and the world.’ The revisionist and critical views that were raised two generations after the publication of Burckhardt’s book can be categorized into six tendencies: (1) Medievalists put the Renaissance back to the middle ages (8th century, 10th century, 12th century etc.). (2) Some scholars tried to find the genuine origin of the Renaissance in the mysticism of the middle ages (thoughts of Francis of Assisi). (3) Non-Italian (German) researchers sought to make it clear that the Renaissance lay in the national culture of the middle ages. (4) Even the idea that the Renaissance was identified with the Reformation was unfolded by some of them. (5) Other scholars such as Johan Huizinga asserted that the Renaissance was a succession of the medieval culture. (6) There were even scholars who denied either the creativity of the Renaissance culture or the term ‘Renaissance’ itself. Thanks to these revisionist views there is today no one who accepts entirely Burckhardt’s ideas on the Renaissance. On the other hand, however, there has never been any academic achievement that surpassed or equaled Burckhardt’s work.
These days the term ‘Renaissance’ is still used widely in the academic and educational world. This very fact verifies the significance of Burckhardt’s classical work. Furthermore, the work has an extraordinary attraction for readers in respect that it abounds,unlike other classical works, in narrative.

영어초록

The aim of this paper is first, to introduce the main concepts and contents of Jacob Burckhardt’s Die Kultur der Renaissance in Italien (1860), and then to review many “revisional” and critical views of the work, and finally to reappraise the work from a current perspective. The three main concepts of the Burckhardt’s Renaissance book are ‘the development of individuals,’ ‘the rebirth of ancient Greek and Roman cultures,’ and ‘the discovery of human beings and the world.’ The revisionist and critical views that were raised two generations after the publication of Burckhardt’s book can be categorized into six tendencies: (1) Medievalists put the Renaissance back to the middle ages (8th century, 10th century, 12th century etc.). (2) Some scholars tried to find the genuine origin of the Renaissance in the mysticism of the middle ages (thoughts of Francis of Assisi). (3) Non-Italian (German) researchers sought to make it clear that the Renaissance lay in the national culture of the middle ages. (4) Even the idea that the Renaissance was identified with the Reformation was unfolded by some of them. (5) Other scholars such as Johan Huizinga asserted that the Renaissance was a succession of the medieval culture. (6) There were even scholars who denied either the creativity of the Renaissance culture or the term ‘Renaissance’ itself. Thanks to these revisionist views there is today no one who accepts entirely Burckhardt’s ideas on the Renaissance. On the other hand, however, there has never been any academic achievement that surpassed or equaled Burckhardt’s work.
These days the term ‘Renaissance’ is still used widely in the academic and educational world. This very fact verifies the significance of Burckhardt’s classical work. Furthermore, the work has an extraordinary attraction for readers in respect that it abounds,unlike other classical works, in narrative.

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