근대 여명기 일본의 조선정책과 宮本小一 (The Diplomatic Policy of Japan toward Korea in the Early Modern Era and Miyamoto Okadzu)

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초록

This article re-examines the diplomatic policy of Japan toward Korea in the early modern era. The previous interpretation was fixed by TabohashI Kiyoshi, the leading authority on the period. According to Tabohashi, the diplomatic policy was executed by hard-liners who insisted on strong diplomacy like <Seikanron>. The moderate-liners who insisted on the maintenance of the status quo were dismissed in Tabohashi’s research. Deliberately or not, researchers afterward have not paid attention to the moderate-liners either. Therefore, inevitably my research object is focused on the moderate policies which were insisted on by Miyamoto Okadzu. I clarify that it was Miyamoto who planned the most moderate diplomatic policy of Japan toward Korea from the establishment of Gaimusho (Ministry of Foreign Affairs) to the making the treaty of Ganghwado island. At the end of the year when the Gaimusho was established (1869), Miyamoto drafted <Chosenron>. It was extremely moderate and can be described as a ‘hands-off’ policy. It was a policy that could be accepted easily by the Korean court. Although there existed a fanatically strong policy like <Seikanron>, it was chiefly the moderate one that was executed. It is very important that it was not a strong policy but a moderate one which was insisted on by Miyamoto after 1869 to have concluded the treaty of Ganghwado island. Negotiation on the treaty was extremely moderate and passive because it was initiated by Miyamoto. Finally I also clarify that it was Miyamoto who planned and executed the appendix to the Ganghwado treaty. Therefore, negotiation on the appendix was also a moderate one. But there was a big problem of legation and a diplomatic agent. The problem was introduced by Enomoto Takeaki who had an idea of power politics based on the British style and the application of international law. Japanese diplomacy since the end of 1876 was converted from the moderate diplomacy of Miyamoto to the strong diplomacy of Enomoto and Hanabusa Yoshimoto.

영어초록

This article re-examines the diplomatic policy of Japan toward Korea in the early modern era. The previous interpretation was fixed by TabohashI Kiyoshi, the leading authority on the period. According to Tabohashi, the diplomatic policy was executed by hard-liners who insisted on strong diplomacy like <Seikanron>. The moderate-liners who insisted on the maintenance of the status quo were dismissed in Tabohashi’s research. Deliberately or not, researchers afterward have not paid attention to the moderate-liners either. Therefore, inevitably my research object is focused on the moderate policies which were insisted on by Miyamoto Okadzu. I clarify that it was Miyamoto who planned the most moderate diplomatic policy of Japan toward Korea from the establishment of Gaimusho (Ministry of Foreign Affairs) to the making the treaty of Ganghwado island. At the end of the year when the Gaimusho was established (1869), Miyamoto drafted <Chosenron>. It was extremely moderate and can be described as a ‘hands-off’ policy. It was a policy that could be accepted easily by the Korean court. Although there existed a fanatically strong policy like <Seikanron>, it was chiefly the moderate one that was executed. It is very important that it was not a strong policy but a moderate one which was insisted on by Miyamoto after 1869 to have concluded the treaty of Ganghwado island. Negotiation on the treaty was extremely moderate and passive because it was initiated by Miyamoto. Finally I also clarify that it was Miyamoto who planned and executed the appendix to the Ganghwado treaty. Therefore, negotiation on the appendix was also a moderate one. But there was a big problem of legation and a diplomatic agent. The problem was introduced by Enomoto Takeaki who had an idea of power politics based on the British style and the application of international law. Japanese diplomacy since the end of 1876 was converted from the moderate diplomacy of Miyamoto to the strong diplomacy of Enomoto and Hanabusa Yoshimoto.

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