런던데리 플랜테이션과 런던 상인들 -제임스 1세의 설득과 협상- (The Londonderry Plantation and London Merchants: Persuasion and Negotiation of JamesⅠ)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국서양사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 서양사론 / 154호 / 138 ~ 171페이지
· 저자명 : 강미경

초록

엘리자베스 여왕(Elizabeth Ⅰ, 재위 1558-1603)을 계승한 제임스 1세(James Ⅰ, 재위 1603-25)는 1609년 당시 국무상이었던 세실(Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury, 1563-1612)의 추천에 따라 런던 상인들에게 런던데리 카운티의 식민을 제안했다. 당시 토지는 부와 권력의 기반이었던 만큼 얼스터 귀족들의 땅을 신교도 이주민들에게 할당하는 것은 잉글랜드 통치에 대한 원주민들의 저항을 약화시키고 신교도 공동체가 얼스터의 평화를 유지할 수 있을 만큼 성장할 좋은 기회이기도 했다. 그러나 국왕의 제안에 대한 런던 상인들의 반응은 전혀 호의적이지 않았다.
이 논문은 제임스 1세가 런던 상인들에게 런던데리 식민을 제안했던 배경과 런던 상인들을 설득하기 위해 정부와 런던 상인들 사이에 어떤 협상이 진행되었는지 그리고 그 결과 협의된 내용은 무엇이었는지를 자세히 살펴본 것이다.

영어초록

Even after most of the revolts in Ireland that occurred during the Tudor dynasty had been suppressed, Ulster remained under the control of the powerful Irish nobility, and it was considered to be ‘the hotbed of the last great rebellion’ for the English people. However, after losing their Nine Years’ War (1594-1603), the ruling nobility who could not withstand their downgraded status, numbering about 90, fled to Europe, and their territory was taken over by James I (1603-25), who succeeded Elizabeth Ⅰ (1558-1603). James I made a large number of English and Scottish Protestants migrate to that land, which was called the Ulster Plantation, and it may be the historical background for the emergence of Protestants in Northern Ireland today.
Since land was the basis of wealth and power in those days, allocating the land of the Ulster nobility to Protestant immigrants was a good way to weaken Irish resistance to English colonial reign and grow the Protestant community. However, the financial situation of England during the reign of James I made it difficult to achieve the colonization of Ulster as a whole.
To secure the necessary funds and manpower, King James I proposed the colonization of Londonderry County, one of the six counties of Ulster, to London merchants, who had accumulated a strong economy at the time.
However, the reaction of London merchants was not at all favorable. This is because the natives, who were deprived of their land, were hostile to the English, and some of them became ‘wood-kernes’, thus plundering and assaulting the new settlers. It was also partly because the London merchants were in a difficult financial situation because they mobilized to set up a settlement on the North American coast across the Atlantic Ocean.
This essay examines the background of the proposal of Londonderry colonization to London merchants to facilitate the smooth progress of colonization, how negotiations were conducted between the government and London merchants, and what the outcomes of the negotiations were.
To properly understand the political turmoil of Northern Ireland, which has become a part of Britain today, it is essential to understand the history regarding the Ulster Plantation; further, as the colonization process carried out in Londonderry became the basis of the British overseas colonization policy, it is a good opportunity to look at Irish political conflict and British colonial policy from various angles.

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