엘리자베스 1세 시대 영국의 전쟁과 의회의 역할 (War and Parliamentary Consent in Elizabethan England)

서지정보

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초록

In early modern Europe, the making of foreign policy, especially about war and peace, unquestionably belonged to the royal prerogative. This does not mean that the whole conception and initiation of policy was made by the crown, but that the final decision always remained a royal prerogative.
At the same time, war was an extremely serious affair and even a dangerous business not only because it affected the lives of a great number of people but also because it involved great expenditure. It was often difficult to generate support for war and, even worse,sometimes bound to cause outright resistance, especially when the decision was made in an authoritative way. Therefore, there was a genuine need for the crown to seek the consent of the political nation.
Elizabeth I of England was no exception. While her foreign policy was very much the policy of the Queen herself, she also had a masterful skill to identify her political goals with those of her subjects, at least with those of the elites of England. She clearly recognized that the success of her regime depended crucially on consent her people, members of parliament in particular.
The institutional context of the crown and parliament in sixteenth century England was characterized by consultation and consent seeking;the crown initiated foreign policy and made a final decision but their success rested ultimately on consent from the subjects. A main keyword in this relation was parliamentary grants to pay for a significant part of war expenditures.
This paper examines and analyzes some parliamentary records of Elizabethan England, focusing on debates on parliamentary grants to meet an extraordinary charge of the royal government- spent or to be spent in near future- for war and other defensive requirements of the kingdom. This paper also attempts to throw light on the nature and characteristics of ‘the context of consent’ in matters of war and peace made in an ongoing relationship between the Queen and her parliament.
A tentative conclusion is that the parliamentary consent to the Queen’s war policy before 1586∼7 was generally passive; it just followed and ratified what the Queen had already initiated. However,it is possible to detect a significant change within ‘the context of consent’ around in the mid-1580s when a certain number of parliamentary members tried to dictate foreign policy matters to the Queen. Offering special parliamentary grants that were not asked for by the royal government, they attempted to persuade her to take upon herself the crown of the Netherlands and take a more aggressive war policy against Spain.
While some possible variables which went into the war policy initiative in the parliaments of 1586∼7 and of 1593 include economic considerations and religious antagonisms, we should be careful not to jump at conclusions and not to exaggerate the meaning of this change. Some further study is needed to explain what really caused this change and what was of overriding significance as a cause of their war initiative.

영어초록

In early modern Europe, the making of foreign policy, especially about war and peace, unquestionably belonged to the royal prerogative. This does not mean that the whole conception and initiation of policy was made by the crown, but that the final decision always remained a royal prerogative.
At the same time, war was an extremely serious affair and even a dangerous business not only because it affected the lives of a great number of people but also because it involved great expenditure. It was often difficult to generate support for war and, even worse,sometimes bound to cause outright resistance, especially when the decision was made in an authoritative way. Therefore, there was a genuine need for the crown to seek the consent of the political nation.
Elizabeth I of England was no exception. While her foreign policy was very much the policy of the Queen herself, she also had a masterful skill to identify her political goals with those of her subjects, at least with those of the elites of England. She clearly recognized that the success of her regime depended crucially on consent her people, members of parliament in particular.
The institutional context of the crown and parliament in sixteenth century England was characterized by consultation and consent seeking;the crown initiated foreign policy and made a final decision but their success rested ultimately on consent from the subjects. A main keyword in this relation was parliamentary grants to pay for a significant part of war expenditures.
This paper examines and analyzes some parliamentary records of Elizabethan England, focusing on debates on parliamentary grants to meet an extraordinary charge of the royal government- spent or to be spent in near future- for war and other defensive requirements of the kingdom. This paper also attempts to throw light on the nature and characteristics of ‘the context of consent’ in matters of war and peace made in an ongoing relationship between the Queen and her parliament.
A tentative conclusion is that the parliamentary consent to the Queen’s war policy before 1586∼7 was generally passive; it just followed and ratified what the Queen had already initiated. However,it is possible to detect a significant change within ‘the context of consent’ around in the mid-1580s when a certain number of parliamentary members tried to dictate foreign policy matters to the Queen. Offering special parliamentary grants that were not asked for by the royal government, they attempted to persuade her to take upon herself the crown of the Netherlands and take a more aggressive war policy against Spain.
While some possible variables which went into the war policy initiative in the parliaments of 1586∼7 and of 1593 include economic considerations and religious antagonisms, we should be careful not to jump at conclusions and not to exaggerate the meaning of this change. Some further study is needed to explain what really caused this change and what was of overriding significance as a cause of their war initiative.

참고자료

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