성(性) 만드는 사람들－마그누스 히르쉬펠트와 베를린 성과학 연구소, 1896~1933－ (Magnus Hirschfeld and the Institute of Sexual Science in Berlin, 1896~1933)

서지정보

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· 수록지 정보 : 서양사론 / 103호 / 153 ~ 195페이지
· 저자명 : 김학이

초록

This article analyzes the activities and sexual theory of Magnus Hirschfeld(1868-1935), who not only organized and led the first German gay emancipation movement, but also established the world-first institute of the sexual science in Berlin. In addition, Hirschfeld took the initiative to carry out the transsexual surgery in his institute and founded the World League for the Sexual Reform. Some historians praise him as one of the first scientists who presented sexual minorities including gay as normal sexual persons, while others value his works as unscientific. Although the author finds also many theoretical defects in the works of Hirschfeld, he is not willing to criticize the theoretical deficiency, but to interpret just the inconsistencies. The author arrives at the insight that Hirschfeld, a “Monist” conscious of the socio-cultural origin of the sexual deviations, attempted to legitimate the social practices of sexual minorities by translating them into the natural and inborn tendencies. The author argues further that Hirschfeld deconstructed the prevailing normalcy of the heterosexuality as well as the bipolar opposition of the male-female categories, and that the sexologist invented the floating, malleable and choosing sexuality. Hirschfeld was contrasted with Hans Blüher, who struggled also for the emancipation of gays, but identified himself with the “Männerbund”, an ideal shared by other reactionary modernists and national socialists as well.

영어초록

This article analyzes the activities and sexual theory of Magnus Hirschfeld(1868-1935), who not only organized and led the first German gay emancipation movement, but also established the world-first institute of the sexual science in Berlin. In addition, Hirschfeld took the initiative to carry out the transsexual surgery in his institute and founded the World League for the Sexual Reform. Some historians praise him as one of the first scientists who presented sexual minorities including gay as normal sexual persons, while others value his works as unscientific. Although the author finds also many theoretical defects in the works of Hirschfeld, he is not willing to criticize the theoretical deficiency, but to interpret just the inconsistencies. The author arrives at the insight that Hirschfeld, a “Monist” conscious of the socio-cultural origin of the sexual deviations, attempted to legitimate the social practices of sexual minorities by translating them into the natural and inborn tendencies. The author argues further that Hirschfeld deconstructed the prevailing normalcy of the heterosexuality as well as the bipolar opposition of the male-female categories, and that the sexologist invented the floating, malleable and choosing sexuality. Hirschfeld was contrasted with Hans Blüher, who struggled also for the emancipation of gays, but identified himself with the “Männerbund”, an ideal shared by other reactionary modernists and national socialists as well.

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