Paul’s Response to the Corinthian Gender Issue Related to κατακαλύπτω and ἀκατακαλύπτω in 1Co 11:2-16

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초록

Paul proclaims in his Gentile churches that the new age has come through Jesus the God’s messiah and therefore, there is no distinction between male and female, free and slave, and Jews and Gentiles in the Lord (Gal 3:28; 1Co 12:13; and Col 3:11). Paul’s declaration of the new identity in the baptism carries power to assist in shaping the symbolic universe by which the believers now distinguish their meeting from the ordinary world of the outside society. Their claim about the new identity fundamentally modifies their social roles and culturally constructed identities. Paul’s message of the new identity would have more impact on women than on men, for the change of the social roles and identities of women will be greater than those of men. In this context, the Corinthian women express their new identity by blurring gender distinctions through such dramatic symbols as cutting their hair as males and wearing masculine clothing, since they believe their female identity and social roles belong to the old creation. Responding to the Corinthian gender issue, Paul, on the one hand, claims that there is no ontological difference between man and woman in the new creation, but on the other hand, he urges the believers to maintain their gender distinctions which cannot be separated from their particular cultural context. While new order of system is superimposed upon the old system, creating an irreconcilable landscape of social relations, the consummation of the new system has not arrived yet – they should wait for the consummation at the Parousia of Christ. During this eschatological tension between “already” but “not yet”, the believers are said to have a new identity in the Lord, but still they should wait for its perfection as well as acknowledge the present form of the old world. In the Lord, there is no apparent distinction in gender, but at the same time, they should maintain proper behavior toward one another, since the gender distinctions in Paul’s churches are the indication of the eschatological tension. In the Corinthian context, because the gender distinction becomes blurred through some Corinthian women’s taking male hairstyle, Paul urges them to keep their gender proper hairstyle – long hair, which in their cultural presumption is believed to be given them as proper head covering. If my argument is right, then the two Greek verbs κατακαλύπτω and ἀκατακαλύπτω should be translated “to cover up her head by the long hair given her as a proper covering” and “to uncover it,” respectively.

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