천일염전 개발과정을 통해 본 섬사람들의 이주 현상과 공동체적 특징 (Communal Features and Emigration of Islanders seen through Solar Saltern Development Process)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 서강대학교 인문과학연구소
· 수록지 정보 : 서강인문논총 / 41호 / 231 ~ 265페이지
· 저자명 : 최성환

초록

서남 연안의 섬은 소금생산에 유리한 점이 많은 지역으로 소금생산지로서의 전통이 현대까지 계승되고 있다. 본고는 천일염전 개발과정을 통해 섬사람들의 이주 문제와 공동체적 특징에 대해 고찰한 것이다. 연구 성과는 크게 두 가지 측면에서 정리된다. 첫째, 천일염전 개발은 섬사람들의 집단 이주와 외부인이 섬에 유입되는 매개체가 되었다. 일제강점기에는 전통방식인 화염의 쇠퇴로 섬사람들이 외부로 이주하는 현상이 나타났고, 광복 이후에는 섬 지역에 천일염전이 대규모로 개발되면서 다시 사람들이 모여드는 계기가 되었다. 섬사람들의 역동적인 경제활동과 섬이 지닌 인문환경에서 나타나는 ‘소통과 교류’의 면모를 발견할 수 있는 부분이다. 둘째, 천일염전 개발과정에는 섬사람들의 공동체적인 특징이 반영되어 있다. 대규모 천일염전 개발은 그 자체가 마을의 경계를 허물고 새로운 공동체를 형성하는 의미를 지녔다. 비금 대동염전과 증도 태평염전은 천일염전 공동체라는 측면에서 좋은 대조를 이루는 사례였다. 또한 ‘조합’ 결성을 통한 추진과 천일염전 개발이 지역발전을 위한 공적자산으로 활용된 점도 공동체적 특징으로 분석하였다.

영어초록

The study purpose of this article is to consider islanders’ communal features and their emigration issues that are shown in the process of solar saltern development.
The study directions of this study were largely three. First is the contents about the solar saltern and the salt production history in island area. Second, it is analysis of emigration of islanders and immigration of aliens in the process of solar saltern development. Third, it is about the communal features of islanders in solar saltern development.
First of all, regarding salt production, which takes a significant portion in islanders’ lives, its history and the human environment were examined. Island was utilized as salt producing region throughout the Joseon Dynasty era and it has been a significant help to the lives of the islanders. In human environment aspects such as natural environment and development of fishery, island has a lot of advantages of being able to be utilized as an active salt producing region. The island region under Shinan-gun has been the center of all this. During the Japanese colonial area, the salt production in island areas faced a crisis when solar saltern development was concentrated in the area that is north of Gyeonggi. However, starting from BigeumIsland after independence, the era of saltern began and the tradition as being the salt production area continues up until today.
The main part of this article is analysis of the emigration issue and communal features of the islanders regarding solar saltern development. Largely, the result of the study is organized in two parts. First, regarding the solar saltern development, the emigration of the residence and immigration of outsiders were active. The predominant image of ‘island’ is rather static and isolated. However, the lives of islanders regarding solar saltern require changes in such stereotype. The saltern development became the medium of group emigration of islanders and immigration of outsiders. During the Japanese colonial era, due to decline of the salt production through boiling the sea water, the islanders emigrated, and after independence and the Korean War, people started to gather again as solar saltern were developed in island areas. This is where the dynamic of islanders’ economic activities and the special feature of ‘communication and exchange,’ which is shown in islands’ human environment, are reflected.
Second, the fact that communal feature of islanders is reflected in the process of solar saltern development and that itself is the ‘community’ of the islanders is confirmed. Large scale saltern development demolished the boundaries of the towns and created new communities. Daedong saltern and Taepyung saltern are good examples in that they form a great contrast as solar saltern communities. Daedong saltern is an example of many townspeople living in the same island working together to develop a large scale solar saltern and forming a community and a new foundation for living. Taepyung saltern is a large scale solar saltern that was built for the purpose of settling the refugees from the Korean War. Therefore, it is an example of a community being formed as a result of communication between the islanders and the people who immigrated from all over the country. It also has a meaning in that the islanders carried out a communal response by making a union for solar saltern development since solar saltern development itself was difficult task for an individual to achieve. In addition, it was also reaffirmed that solar saltern development is not only for the individual profit but it can also serve a public purpose of being utilized for local development.

참고자료

· 없음