조선 성종∼중종대 정치사의 이해와 ‘사림파’설 (Understanding political history of Songjong∼Jungjong's Reign in Chosun Dynasty and Sarimpa)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 호남사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 역사학연구 / 54호 / 1 ~ 31페이지
· 저자명 : 김당택

초록

학계는 조선 성종∼중종대의 정치사를 ‘사림파’와 ‘훈구파’의 갈등으로 설명한다. 그러나 김종직과 그의 문인을 ‘사림파’로 지칭한 예는 기록에 보이지 않는다. 또한 후대의 학자들이 그렇게 부를 수 있는 김종직과 그 문인을 중심으로 한 정치세력도 존재하지 않았다.
사림은 사족, 즉 양반 출신으로 벼슬한 인물들만이 아니라 아직 벼슬하지 않은 인물까지를 포괄해서 지칭하는 용어였다. 따라서 김종직과 그의 문인은 물론이고 훈구로 지칭되는 인물도 사림이었다. 그러므로 선조 이전은 물론이고, 이후에도 사림이 집권한 것은 당연한 일이었다. 그렇다면 성종∼중종대의 정치사는 어떻게 이해해야 하는가.
성종∼중종대 정치사의 특징은 절의가 사림, 즉 양반의 중요한 덕목임을 강조한 젊은 양반의 여론이 정치에 커다란 영향을 끼친 데 있었다. 김일손이 김종직의 「조의제문」을 사초에 올려 세상에 공개한 것은 이러한 분위기를 의식한 것이었다. 한편 조광조는 젊은 양반의 여론을 등에 업고 집권하였으나, 현량과 설치 등을 통해 자파의 이익을 추구한 데 대해 일부 양반이 실망함으로써, 몰락하고 말았다.

영어초록

Historians of Korea explain political history of King Songjong∼Jungjong's reign as the political struggle between Hungupa and Sarimpa. It has been understood that Sarimpa designated Kim Chongjik and his own disciples who had their base in Kyongsang province and were small and middle level landowners, on the other hand, Hungupa were the men of holding the reins of power, occupying high office and possessing an abundance of lands and slaves, wealth. But the term of Sarim was commonly used to designate men of Yangban class, so the political faction named Sarimpa consisting of Kim Chongjik and his own disciples has never existed in Choson Dynasty.
Young men of Yangban class in Songjong's reign criticized Sejo's usurpation to have been an immoral, unrighteous act. They accented that integrity was the main virtue of Yangban. The Censorate took lead such an opinion and students of National Academy and Four Colleges sympathized with their opinion. Their opinion strongly influenced to comtemporary political situation. The reason that Kim Ilson, a disciple of Kim Chongjik, had incorporated his teacher's 'Lament for the Righteous Emperor.' into his draft history prepared for the official history, or annals, of Songjong's reign was the act of being aware of such circumstances.
Cho Kwangjo appearing in Chungjong's reign had been supported by young men of Yangban by his action of showing that he was the man of standing against the political power. He could assume political power only after four years since starting government service. That was because he could have the support of young men of Yangban. In the end, the characteristic of political history during Songjong∼Jungjong's reign was that the opinion of young men of Yangban who regarded the integrity as the main virtue of Yangban strongly influenced to political development.

참고자료

· 없음