『大家意選批評』 연구 (A study of Criticisms on Daegauisun(大家意選批評))

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국학중앙연구원 한국학중앙연구원
· 수록지 정보 : 한국학 / 33권 / 3호 / 203 ~ 228페이지
· 저자명 : 김덕수

초록

17세기 전반기의 문단을 대표하는 택당 이식은 시문 창작과 비평을 통해 당대와 후대의 문학에 커다란 영향력을 드리웠다. 특히 여타의 문인에 견주어볼 때, 문학비평 방면에서 그가 이룩한 성과는 주목을 요한다. 그는 杜詩 전체를 대상으로 批解를 수행하여 纂註杜詩澤風堂批解라는 걸출한 비평서를 완성했고, 여러 지우의 詩錄에 정밀한 조감을 투영하였다. 그리고 당송팔대가의 문장을 대상으로 大家意選批評이라는 산문 비평집을 남겼으며, 韓愈의 문장에 구결을 달기도 하였다.
본고는 대가의선비평의 저술 배경과 과정을 상세히 검토한 뒤, 당송고문에 대한 택당의 문학적 견해를 도출한 것이다. 기존의 연구에서 거의 언급되지 않은 그의 저술을 적극 활용하여 논의를 진행했고, 택당이 생각했던 古文의 요건과 수사적 특징을 구명하는 데 주안점을 두었다. 택당의 문학관은 삶의 궤적에 따라 상당한 변화를 보이거니와, 문학적 실천과 문학적 견해 사이에도 적잖은 괴리가 존재한다. 택당이 정대한 의리를 중시하며 당송고문을 문장의 전범으로 삼은 것은 분명하지만, 진한고문 자체의 가치와 중요성을 결코 부정하지 않았다. 다만 진한고문을 표방한 의고적 문풍과 여기에 매몰된 관성적 풍조, 편협한 독서 행태를 비판한 것이다. 그는 당송고문을 비평하며 문장에 내재된 기세, 간결하고 곡진한 표현, 文氣의 기복과 변화, 자구의 유기적 조직 등을 중시하였고, 모곤과 당순지의 비평을 수용하기도 하였다. 이러한 점은 택당이 고문의 수사와 형식미에 주목했다는 사실에 대한 방증이자, 택당의 문학을 단순히 유가적 이념만으로 설명할 수 없다는 하나의 실례다.

영어초록

Emphasizing the communication and timeliness of writings, Taekdang(澤堂) thought that the writings since Tang and Song Dynasties should be the model works. He especially put a high valuation on ‘the Abstract of the Eight Literacy Giants in Tang and Song Periods’ as the most unbiased anthology, and in later years, he adored Han You and So Sik as the best two of them. Taekdang bitterly criticized the Tang’s inertial tendency of writing which was going with the stream of the classicism of Myoung Period and their ‘narrow-minded behaviors for reading’. Nevertheless, he did not necessary deny the value and significance of the antique writings themselves from Jin and Han Periods. He retroacted or expanded the range for model works in each literary style since the antique writings of Tang and Song Periods stemmed from those of Jin and Han Periods and it was essential to master the inherent writing styles in a variety of remainders in order to cultivate writing skills. Taekdang’s varied criticisms clearly show the fact that he had the antiques of Jin and Han at his fingertips, and thus lots of later writers also appreciated that he had been all clued up to ‘the Han Literary(漢書)' and 'the Historic Records(史記)’.
Taekdang compiled a collection of prose, named ‘Daegauisun(大家意選)’, which had 42 literary works considered and selected as the entry works among those writings in ‘the Abstract’ by himself around the period of 1631(9th years with King Injo) and 1632(10th). And he made various remarks on them with his own literary-critical talent. Then later, his progeny collected the ‘Daegauisun’, copied only the titles, evaluations, and remarks into a book for mimeographing with ease, and called the book ‘Criticisms on Daegauisun(大家意選批評)’. Taekdang decided the order for the entry works of ‘the Eight Giants’ according to stylistic standards, and his ordering relied mostly on ‘Epitaph style(碑誌類)’, Documentary style(記文類), and ‘Statement style(送序類)’, and especially in the case of ‘Statement style(送序類)’ and ‘Epitaph style(碑誌類)’, Han You’s writings accounted for much the largest percentage.
In his criticisms on the writings of the Eight Giants, Taekdang regarded the concise expressions which reveal the writer’s intention in full, the gentle and natural esthetic sense in which the reasoning and the arrangements of words is not artificial, and the changings and fluctuatings of scales and spirits as the esthetic features of the antique writings of Tang and Song Periods, discriminated from the pseudoclassical styles. And he considered those writings which euphemistically expressed satiric feelings as the major characteristics of the antiques of Tang and Song, and especially of Han You’s Statement style because he put an emphasis on the expressions of contradictory realities and one’s own opinions rather than on the vain flowing of emotions. These works of Statement style reflected the encouragements or ridicules to the other which were underlying the remorse from parting each other, present ordeals and irrationalities, or the writers’ political points of view. In the long run, he appreciated that the characteristics in writing technique materialized in the prose of the Giants included setting up topic sentences, making the front and rear sentences respond each other closely, and the crafty tricks which made the most of the ordinary letters.

참고자료

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