음악가 정율성의 삶과 예술가의 윤리 (Jung, Yool-Sung’s Life and his Ethical Beliefs as an Artist)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국국악교육학회
· 수록지 정보 : 국악교육 / 40권 / 40호 / 165 ~ 184페이지
· 저자명 : 조응순

초록

이 논문은 한국인으로서 중국에 가서 활동한 음악가이자 항일투사인 정율성을 논의한 작가론이다. 그의 삶과 예술가로서의 윤리는 불가분의 관계를 갖는다. 윤리에는 개인윤리와 사회윤리가 있다고 전제할 때 이 두 윤리를 상호 조화시키려는 정신이 역사의식이다.
정율성에 대한 선행연구는 주로 그의 항일혁명투쟁을 부각시킨다. 그런데 항일투쟁, 즉 부도덕한 제국주의에 저항하는 것은 사회적 윤리를 뛰어넘는 보편적 인간윤리의 실천이다.
정율성의 성장과 항일출정에는 그의 가계가 계승해온 윤리관이 작용했다. 그는 중국에 가서 의열단이 세운 조선혁명군사정치학교에서 수학하며 사회주의를 받아들인다. 하지만 그가 받아들인 것은 사회주의 이념이 아니라 사회주의적 윤리였다. 아울러 그는 소련인 음악교수 크릴노바에 사사하여 서양음악을 익히게 됨으로써 예술가의 삶을 열게 된다.
정율성은 당성이 약하다는 이유로 조직과 동료들에게 소외당하는 시련과 이탈리아 유학 문제로 인한 갈등을 동시에 겪는다. 이런 과정에서 그는 상황에 따라 사회윤리와 개인윤리를 유연하게 적용하는 예술가로서의 윤리를 견지했다.
정율성은 당대 중국 항일인민혁명의 거점인 연안에 가서 <연안송>과 <팔로군행진곡> 등을 발표하여 성공함으로써 개인윤리를 사회윤리로 확대하지만 정풍운동으로 인해 개인윤리를 침해당하는 시련을 겪는다. 하지만 그는 이런 시련을 높은 수준의 역사의식과 예술가 윤리로 수용한다.
정율성은 조선의용군의 일원으로 태항산 전선에 투입되었다가 중일전쟁 종전 후 중국이 아닌 조국을 선택한다. 이 과정에서도 그는 사회윤리와 예술가의 윤리 양자 중 어느 하나도 저버리지 않았다.
정율성은 오늘날 중국인에게 대단한 추앙을 받는다. 그는 예술가로서 대성했지만 그가 추구한 예술의 목적이 승리를 거둔 것은 아니다. 예술은 윤리적인 것과 결부되지만 비윤리적인 것의 승리를 제제하지는 못하는 속성을 지닌다. 정율성은 360여 개 곡을 남겼고 그가 남긴 작품은 당대의 사회윤리뿐 아니라 그의 개인윤리와도 밀접하게 관련된다.

영어초록

This paper is a critical study of author about an anti-Japan fighter and musician, Yool-Sung Jung (1918-1976). Jung, despite his young age, went abroad to Shanghai, China from Gwangju, South Korea when he was 15 years old to participate in the national salvation movement. However, he put in a hard work for his career in music composition and vocal music along with his effort to anti-Japan struggle to become a successful musician he is known today.
This paper focuses on Jung’s life and his ethical beliefs as an artist. Under the premise that ethical beliefs consist of personal ethics and social ethics, one’s historical consciousness stands in the essence of interweaving and mutually harmonizing these two aspects of ethical beliefs. Such concept of historical consciousness could be understood differently to artists to that of non-artists.
This paper moreover debunks the precedent study that concentrates on only highlighting Jung’s fight for Korea’s salvation movement. His resistance towards Japanese Imperialism should be considered a normative ethical belief of Koreans at the time being and not specifically of his political and social ethical beliefs. The study diachronically considers Jung’s life while tracing his response to difficult challenges he faced during his life as an artist.
Jung’s family traditions and passed down ethical values are apprehended to have influenced his coming-of-age and going off to war. Jung’s father, Hae-Uhp Jung, sent his five children to fight for anti-Japanese occupation. This should be considered as his expression of Hae-Uhp Jung’s behavior following the tradition of Confucian scholar of state.
Jung pursued his studies in Joseon outlawed school under the Uiyeoldan soon following his arrival in Mainland China and adopted Socialism. However, he embraced ethics that socialism promoted and not socialistic ideology. Afterwards Jung studied western music under Krenowa, a Soviet music professor, and began his life as an artist.
Yool-Sung Jung struggled being neglected by his fellows and the falling out of his plan to study abroad in Italy at the same time for his considered distant involvement in the party. The thesis analyzes Jung’s choices and motivations for his decision-making throughout facing his struggles. The analysis shows that Jung was an artist who made sure to uphold his cause while compliantly responding according to an artist’s social and personal ethical beliefs.
Though Jung’s success in publishing Yeon-ahn song and Pal-ro Military March in the cost of anti-Japan of the People’s Revolution blew his personal ethical beliefs out of portion and interpret as social ethics, he had to endure through his personal ethical beliefs receiving criticism through Chungpoong Movement. However, Jung accepted such criticisms and hardships as part of an artist’s responsibility to fight through.
The paper moreover analyzes Jung’s ethical beliefs as an artist reflected during his process of being put into the front of Korean Volunteers Army and deciding to defend his home country instead of China after the war was over. Jung’s ethical beliefs can be compared to that of his dear friend, Myung-Chul Moon, who died on the battlefield. Such analysis and comparison lead to the conclusion that different from the majority of other anti-Japan fighters’ ethical beliefs, Jung followed his own unique ethical beliefs because of his identity as an artist.
Although Jung attained greatness as an artist and is considered one of the most revered musicians in China today, Jung did not achieve success through the kind of art he desired to pursue－Art approves what is moral but rebukes what is immoral from achieving success. Jung left around 360 songs during his life time and his works associate not only with the social ethical beliefs of the time but also closely with his personal ethical beliefs.

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