인천 문학산성의 연구성과와 역사적 가치 (The Research Achievement of Incheon Munhak Fortress and Historical Value)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국외국어대학교(글로벌캠퍼스) 역사문화연구소
· 수록지 정보 : 역사문화연구 / 76호 / 3 ~ 42페이지
· 저자명 : 백종오

초록

이글에서는문학산성의 문헌기록과 학술조사에 대한 연구사를 검토를통해 문학산성이 가지는 역사적 가치를 추출해 본 것이다.
첫째, 해방이후 우리나라 최초의 산성 보고서라는데 학사적 의미가 있다. 1949년 당시 인천시립박물관장인 이경성에 의해 진행되어 『인천고적조사보고서』로 작성되었다. 보고서에 따르면, 규모는 외성 430척, 내성 600칸으로 보았으며 석축의 외성과 토벽의 내성을 갖춘 복곽 구조로 파악하였다. 성문은 동문과 서문지를 추정하였고 성내 시설은 정상부의 봉수대와 우물, 건물지 등을 소개하였다.
둘째, 그간의 학술조사를 통해 문학산성의 정확한 현상이 파악되었다. 성 둘레는 587m로 내성과 외성의 복곽식 구조이다. 내성은 토축, 외성은 석축이었으나 1959년 미군 주둔시 내성과 외성 일부가 삭평 또는 멸실되었다. 성내 시설은 동문과 서문, 봉수대, 우물, 건물지 등이 있었다고 하지만 현재는 모두 훼손된 상태이다. 그간의 조사 결과, 삼국시대부터 조선시대까지의 유물들이 출토되었는데 중심 시기는 삼국시대 말부터 통일신라시대로 추정된다.
셋째, 문학산성의 역사적 가치이다. 백제 건국 신화의 구체적 배경을 제공하는 역사 공간으로 풍부한 선사시대와 역사시대를 아우르는 고고학의 보고로 거듭나고 있다.아울러 우리나라의 역사시대를 관통하는 대표적인 사건들을 문학산과 문학산성은 묵묵히 지켜보며 우리를 지켜준 ‘역사의 현장’이자 ‘수호의 공간’이었다. 그리고 한국성곽사의 변천과정이 집약되었으며 시대별 방어체계 형성, 산성과 연변봉수의 동일체 운영 등을 들 수 있다.
마지막으로우리는 과거의 “역사적 가치”를 찾으려고만 한다. 문학산성의 경우 그 가치가 뛰어나다. 그런데 그 역사적 가치의 구체화는 물론 앞으로 그 가치를 창출하는데는 너무 인색하다.  문학산성이 우리모두의 문화적정체성으로 되살아날수 있는 정책을 기대한다.

영어초록

This article reviewed the literature records and academic research on Munhak Fortress from the perspective of research history. It is the result of examining the historical value of Munhak Fortress.
First, it has academic significance in that it is Korea's first report on mountain fortress after the liberation. In 1949, the report was conducted by Lee Gyeongseong, the director of the Incheon Prefectural Museum at the time, and was prepared under the title of『Research Report on Historical Remains in Incheon(仁川古蹟調査報告書)』. The report estimated that the scale of outer wall was about 130 meters and of the inner wall was 600 spaces. It was identified as the double wall structure with the stone outer wall and the earthen inner wall. For the gate of the fortress, the east gate and the west gate were estimated, and the facilities in the fortress were introduced such as beacon fire station at the top, well, and building sites.
Second, the exact state of Munhak Fortress is identified through academic research so far. The circumference of fortress was 587 meters, and it was double wall structure which had inner and outer walls. The inner wall was an earthen wall, and the outer wall was stone wall, but when the US Army was stationed in 1959, some of the inner and outer walls were destroyed. The facilities in the fortress include the east gate, west gate, beacon fire station, well, and the building site, but all of them are now damaged. As a result of the investigation so far, relics from the Three Kingdoms Period to the Joseon Dynasty have been excavated, and the main period is estimated from the end of the Three Kingdoms Period to the Unified Silla Period.
Third is the historical value of Munhak Fortress. As a historical space that provides a specific background for the birth myth of Baekje, Munhak Fortress has become a repository of archaeology encompassing prehistoric and historical periods. In addition, Mountain Munhak and Munhak Fortress were “the historical site” and “the space of protection” that kept us by silently watching representative events that penetrated the historical era of Korea. The transition process of fortress of Korea is summarized in this fortress, including the formation of a defense system for each period, and the identical operation of the fortress and border beacon fire.
Research so far has only tried to find the “historical value” of the past. Munhak Fortress has outstanding value; however, there have been too few attempts to create its future value as well as to make concrete historical value. There should be a policy for Munhak Fortress to revive as our cultural identity.

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