계룡산(鷄龍山)과 승지신앙(勝地信仰) (Gyeryongsan and Seungji Belief)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국종교학회
· 수록지 정보 : 종교연구 / 52호 / 29 ~ 51페이지
· 저자명 : 김홍철

초록

In religion, a specific space accompanies a special meaning. The space believed to be god's dwelling place or saint's birth place and religious practicing field are usually hold sacred by believers. A certain natural condition or region prophesied by special people can be also considered as objects of faith. This thesis on Gyeryongsan-Belief focuses on the latter.
The Gyeryongsan Belief was originally derived from the Bigyul Belief. Especially, the Sindoan region in Mt. Gyeryong is evaluated as the perfect place where every aspects in traditional geology(Pungsu) meets its high standard, including the current of the rivers and the range of the mountains. In our history this Dochamsul, which is a study of choosing a good site, originates from the early years of Goryu Dynasty. This study became a national policy of Goryu since practically used by Dosunguksa. At he end of the dynasty the rumor that the capital Songdo was out of its spirit was spreaded among people, eventually contributed to the foundation of Chosun dynasty. Dochamsul being still intact in the beginning, new capital was to set in Sindoan and continued the constriction for a year and withdrew the plan.
Although Bigyul Belief in our country was practiced in many different ways, the part related to Gyeryongsan appears in Junggamrok. It appears to be that this book was written sometime in the middle of Chosun Dynasty. This book indicates that Gyeryongsan is one of the ten safe places in troubled times. Much of the content is related to the story of the destruction Chosun and Jungdoryung appears as a messiah to establish new dynasty and turn it into an earthly paradise. It is an utopianism created after the repeated troubled times and the denial of the reality by distressed people.
Gyeryongsan became a sacred place among people through the ideas of Punsu, Docham and Seungji Belief, and historical background as a planned capital or alternative capital for a new dynasty by Bigyul.
On the other hand, many new religions(Minjung Jonggyo) were introduced since Donghak. The new religions adapted the essence of Bigyul Belief directly or indirectly. The most of them gathered in Gyeryongsan area. A few of them settled there in 1910's. Since Chundogyo moved to Sindoan in 1924, this place had been populated and peaked in 1974 with 104 groups. The common religious claims among them was that the place was the center of the Unfolding of Latter Heaven and the heads of them were the masters of the newly created world. However, these religious sectors were perceived to be superstitious beliefs from the society and became subject to be purified. 40 of them were moved out due to the protection of the national park in 1975. All residents in 6 villages were also moved out under the name of 'Chungnam 620' over a year in 1983. Most of the 60 remained sectors were moved out along with the project. They were all highly compensated. In fact, this was secretly executed project to build Korean military headquarters.
The writer participated in the research of Korean new religions requested by Department of Public Affairs in 1985 and found a surprising factor. The 80 percent of the 60 sectors moved out of the place in 1983 didn't move far away but still remained in the neighboring cities where Gyeryongsan is observable. The sectors moved remotely still maintained offices around the place as well. The 70 of the residents also still remained around the place. They in fact refused good offers of new apartments in the big cities and reclamation site in Dangjin.
It seems that religious sectors were created after repeated troubled times such as destruction of Daehan Dynasty and colonial times, the Korean War. And the people in denial of harsh reality and wanting to be living in a better world should have gathered in the region. It is the reason why they still remained around the region and wanting to achieve their wishes. Or the beliefs that a lot of prophecies in Junggamrok were became true and another prophecy, when the rock in Gyeryongsan turns white then the paradise nears, should have kept them near the region. Because a stone statue of the Buddha in the center of Sindoan was turning white slowly.

영어초록

In religion, a specific space accompanies a special meaning. The space believed to be god's dwelling place or saint's birth place and religious practicing field are usually hold sacred by believers. A certain natural condition or region prophesied by special people can be also considered as objects of faith. This thesis on Gyeryongsan-Belief focuses on the latter.
The Gyeryongsan Belief was originally derived from the Bigyul Belief. Especially, the Sindoan region in Mt. Gyeryong is evaluated as the perfect place where every aspects in traditional geology(Pungsu) meets its high standard, including the current of the rivers and the range of the mountains. In our history this Dochamsul, which is a study of choosing a good site, originates from the early years of Goryu Dynasty. This study became a national policy of Goryu since practically used by Dosunguksa. At he end of the dynasty the rumor that the capital Songdo was out of its spirit was spreaded among people, eventually contributed to the foundation of Chosun dynasty. Dochamsul being still intact in the beginning, new capital was to set in Sindoan and continued the constriction for a year and withdrew the plan.
Although Bigyul Belief in our country was practiced in many different ways, the part related to Gyeryongsan appears in Junggamrok. It appears to be that this book was written sometime in the middle of Chosun Dynasty. This book indicates that Gyeryongsan is one of the ten safe places in troubled times. Much of the content is related to the story of the destruction Chosun and Jungdoryung appears as a messiah to establish new dynasty and turn it into an earthly paradise. It is an utopianism created after the repeated troubled times and the denial of the reality by distressed people.
Gyeryongsan became a sacred place among people through the ideas of Punsu, Docham and Seungji Belief, and historical background as a planned capital or alternative capital for a new dynasty by Bigyul.
On the other hand, many new religions(Minjung Jonggyo) were introduced since Donghak. The new religions adapted the essence of Bigyul Belief directly or indirectly. The most of them gathered in Gyeryongsan area. A few of them settled there in 1910's. Since Chundogyo moved to Sindoan in 1924, this place had been populated and peaked in 1974 with 104 groups. The common religious claims among them was that the place was the center of the Unfolding of Latter Heaven and the heads of them were the masters of the newly created world. However, these religious sectors were perceived to be superstitious beliefs from the society and became subject to be purified. 40 of them were moved out due to the protection of the national park in 1975. All residents in 6 villages were also moved out under the name of 'Chungnam 620' over a year in 1983. Most of the 60 remained sectors were moved out along with the project. They were all highly compensated. In fact, this was secretly executed project to build Korean military headquarters.
The writer participated in the research of Korean new religions requested by Department of Public Affairs in 1985 and found a surprising factor. The 80 percent of the 60 sectors moved out of the place in 1983 didn't move far away but still remained in the neighboring cities where Gyeryongsan is observable. The sectors moved remotely still maintained offices around the place as well. The 70 of the residents also still remained around the place. They in fact refused good offers of new apartments in the big cities and reclamation site in Dangjin.
It seems that religious sectors were created after repeated troubled times such as destruction of Daehan Dynasty and colonial times, the Korean War. And the people in denial of harsh reality and wanting to be living in a better world should have gathered in the region. It is the reason why they still remained around the region and wanting to achieve their wishes. Or the beliefs that a lot of prophecies in Junggamrok were became true and another prophecy, when the rock in Gyeryongsan turns white then the paradise nears, should have kept them near the region. Because a stone statue of the Buddha in the center of Sindoan was turning white slowly.

참고자료

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