美國 스포츠 社會史 : 청교도주의와 스포츠 (The Social History of American Sport: Puritanism and Sports)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국체육사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 한국체육사학회지 / 19권 / 1 ~ 24페이지
· 저자명 : 하남길

초록

The development process of American sports history is a panorama of issues including religious and aristocratic traditions, social status, ideology, race and gender. An understanding of the development of American sport culture can only happen with due consideration to American social history. This article analyses the effect of Puritanism in American sports culture at different points in American history. The findings are as follows; Firstly, the early pilgrim Puritans forbid entertainment and sports culture and consequently Puritanism was a barrier for the development of American sports culture. The effect of Puritanism varied in different parts of America and the strongest influence of Puritanism was exercised in the northern states. Puritans in power stopped participation by enacting prohibition laws on entertainment and sports culture. The Period of Great Awakening and the periods of colonial resistance was also a period of great conflict between puritan ideologies and the favorable attitude towards sports. The Puritan influence lessened but by no means disappeared and state laws prohibiting sports remained in full force. Hence, until the 1800s, Puritanism was a braking mechanism for the development of sports culture. However, Puritan influence was not enough to completely deter the proliferation of sports culture in Africa. Thirdly, from the Eras of Americanism and Reform, Puritanism began a steady decline and signs of an organized sports culture appeared in America. From the 19th century, Puritan decline happened with population increase, industrialization and social changes. During this era the Puritan clergy's perception of sports also changed. With the decline of Puritanism, transcendentalism, advancements in modern science and the school of biological thought were the decisive factors in the development of sports culture. In summary, Puritanism was a religious ideology that held back the development of American sports culture during the 17th and 18th century. However, from the late 1900s, Puritan influences diminished and there was a rapid proliferation of a culture of organized sports in the United States.

영어초록

The development process of American sports history is a panorama of issues including religious and aristocratic traditions, social status, ideology, race and gender. An understanding of the development of American sport culture can only happen with due consideration to American social history. This article analyses the effect of Puritanism in American sports culture at different points in American history. The findings are as follows; Firstly, the early pilgrim Puritans forbid entertainment and sports culture and consequently Puritanism was a barrier for the development of American sports culture. The effect of Puritanism varied in different parts of America and the strongest influence of Puritanism was exercised in the northern states. Puritans in power stopped participation by enacting prohibition laws on entertainment and sports culture. The Period of Great Awakening and the periods of colonial resistance was also a period of great conflict between puritan ideologies and the favorable attitude towards sports. The Puritan influence lessened but by no means disappeared and state laws prohibiting sports remained in full force. Hence, until the 1800s, Puritanism was a braking mechanism for the development of sports culture. However, Puritan influence was not enough to completely deter the proliferation of sports culture in Africa. Thirdly, from the Eras of Americanism and Reform, Puritanism began a steady decline and signs of an organized sports culture appeared in America. From the 19th century, Puritan decline happened with population increase, industrialization and social changes. During this era the Puritan clergy's perception of sports also changed. With the decline of Puritanism, transcendentalism, advancements in modern science and the school of biological thought were the decisive factors in the development of sports culture. In summary, Puritanism was a religious ideology that held back the development of American sports culture during the 17th and 18th century. However, from the late 1900s, Puritan influences diminished and there was a rapid proliferation of a culture of organized sports in the United States.

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