유세비우스의 『연대기』와 『교회사』 (Eusebius’ Chronicle and Ecclesiastical History)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국서양사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 서양사론 / 112호 / 320 ~ 347페이지
· 저자명 : 유윤종

초록

Although Eusebius Pamphili has been criticized as dishonest and biased by many scholars, no historian has contributed to the studies of ancient history and early church history. His left two monumental books on history called The Chronicle and The Ecclesiastical History.
He worked as a biblical exegete, Christian apologist, the bishop of Caesarea as well as a historian. It implies that Eusebius’ interest in history is placed not in history itself, but in apologizing Christianity which had been neglected by influential contemporary intellectuals. In this paper, I will review Eusebius’ two historical books and provide hermeneutical keys for Eusebius’ understanding on history.
Little has been known about the life of Eusebius. It is known that Acacius, successor of Caesarea, wrote a Life of Eusebius, but this work has been lost. It is assumed that he was born in Palestine about 260 and died in 339. When he was young, he was under tutelage of Pamphilus while working in the Christian library of Caesarea, thus enabling him to make access to ancient writings with which he wrote a variety of works. He did not live a smooth life,however. In 303, an emperor Diocletianus’ persecution lasted for 10years and his teacher Pamphilus was martyred during the persecution period. After the persecution, Constantinus and Licynius accepted Christianity by the edict of Milan in 313. He became a bishop of Caesarea in 314, but he was reproached by Athanasius of Alexandria because of his Arianism. In 325, he was approved by Constantinus in the Nicene Council.
The Chronicle consists of two books from Abraham until the vicennalia of Constantine I in 325 AD. Book 1 contained sets of extracts from earlier writers; book 2 contained a technically innovative list of dates and events in tabular format.
Eusebius believed that the ancient writings were not accurate completely and efforts to set accurate date was not possible and even futile. Therefore he examined thoroughly ancient writings,selected reliable ancient books, and tried to prove that the religion of the Hebrews from which Christianity was derived are very old and nothing is short of the truth. In sum, it is noted that Eusebius'Chronicle is reinterpretation of ancient history from the Christian perspective.
The Ecclesiastical History consists of ten chapters from the apostle’s period to 325 CE—the genre of church history was initiated by Eusebius. After reviewing lots of ancient writings, he reinterpreted history as God’s Story. It is called as the providential interpretation.
He claimed that Christianity had been enshrined in the God’s plan from the beginning of the world. In this sense, to Eusebius, the history of the Hebrews was important, because he believed that he could find Christianity in history of the Hebrews. After Christ, the church had been expanded by apostles’ works. Eusebius provided the lists of bishop working in Rome, Alexandria, Jerusalem, and Antioch.
In addition, he interpreted history by quoting sermons, letters, historical records of church leaders. He also gave an account on the struggle with demonic powers and heresies. He praised the life of martyrs.
On the waves of church history of the past three centuries, Eusebius tries to read God’s grace. He interpreted history from the divine perspective. Finally, he found God’s intervention in history during the process of Constantine’s victory, the edict of Milan, the Nicene Council, and Constantine’s enthronement as the only emperor.
To Eusebius, history was not circular, but progressive and linear.
It is interpreted that Constantine’s enthronement is the realization of God's promise to Abraham, the acme of historical progression.

영어초록

Although Eusebius Pamphili has been criticized as dishonest and biased by many scholars, no historian has contributed to the studies of ancient history and early church history. His left two monumental books on history called The Chronicle and The Ecclesiastical History.
He worked as a biblical exegete, Christian apologist, the bishop of Caesarea as well as a historian. It implies that Eusebius’ interest in history is placed not in history itself, but in apologizing Christianity which had been neglected by influential contemporary intellectuals. In this paper, I will review Eusebius’ two historical books and provide hermeneutical keys for Eusebius’ understanding on history.
Little has been known about the life of Eusebius. It is known that Acacius, successor of Caesarea, wrote a Life of Eusebius, but this work has been lost. It is assumed that he was born in Palestine about 260 and died in 339. When he was young, he was under tutelage of Pamphilus while working in the Christian library of Caesarea, thus enabling him to make access to ancient writings with which he wrote a variety of works. He did not live a smooth life,however. In 303, an emperor Diocletianus’ persecution lasted for 10years and his teacher Pamphilus was martyred during the persecution period. After the persecution, Constantinus and Licynius accepted Christianity by the edict of Milan in 313. He became a bishop of Caesarea in 314, but he was reproached by Athanasius of Alexandria because of his Arianism. In 325, he was approved by Constantinus in the Nicene Council.
The Chronicle consists of two books from Abraham until the vicennalia of Constantine I in 325 AD. Book 1 contained sets of extracts from earlier writers; book 2 contained a technically innovative list of dates and events in tabular format.
Eusebius believed that the ancient writings were not accurate completely and efforts to set accurate date was not possible and even futile. Therefore he examined thoroughly ancient writings,selected reliable ancient books, and tried to prove that the religion of the Hebrews from which Christianity was derived are very old and nothing is short of the truth. In sum, it is noted that Eusebius'Chronicle is reinterpretation of ancient history from the Christian perspective.
The Ecclesiastical History consists of ten chapters from the apostle’s period to 325 CE—the genre of church history was initiated by Eusebius. After reviewing lots of ancient writings, he reinterpreted history as God’s Story. It is called as the providential interpretation.
He claimed that Christianity had been enshrined in the God’s plan from the beginning of the world. In this sense, to Eusebius, the history of the Hebrews was important, because he believed that he could find Christianity in history of the Hebrews. After Christ, the church had been expanded by apostles’ works. Eusebius provided the lists of bishop working in Rome, Alexandria, Jerusalem, and Antioch.
In addition, he interpreted history by quoting sermons, letters, historical records of church leaders. He also gave an account on the struggle with demonic powers and heresies. He praised the life of martyrs.
On the waves of church history of the past three centuries, Eusebius tries to read God’s grace. He interpreted history from the divine perspective. Finally, he found God’s intervention in history during the process of Constantine’s victory, the edict of Milan, the Nicene Council, and Constantine’s enthronement as the only emperor.
To Eusebius, history was not circular, but progressive and linear.
It is interpreted that Constantine’s enthronement is the realization of God's promise to Abraham, the acme of historical progression.

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