재․월북 작가 ‘해금’ 조치(1988)의 연구사·문화사적 의미 (A Study on The Cancellation of The Ban on ‘Wolbuk’ North Korean Writers from The Perspective of The History of Research and Cultural History)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 상허학회
· 수록지 정보 : 상허학보 / 55권 / 11 ~ 49페이지
· 저자명 : 김성수

초록

이 글은 이른바 ‘납․월북 작가 해금 조치’(1988) 30주년을 맞아 ‘월북’ ‘해금’이란 개념을 해체하고 대안을 찾으려고 씌어졌다. 재․월북 작가의 정치적 복권과 문학작품 복원 및 ‘북한 바로 알기운동’의 일환인 북한문학 소개가, 88서울올림픽을 앞둔 정부의 시혜적 조치 덕이라는 통념과 달리 1987년 6월항쟁의 문화적 전리품이라는 시각을 제안하였다. 학문으로서의 북한문학 연구는 오랜 군부독재를 끝내고 절차적 민주화가 진행되는 과정에서 1988년의 ‘납․월북 작가 해금’조치와 ‘북한 바로 알기’운동의 일환으로 본격화되었다. 30년 세월이 지난 2018년 말 현재, 남북한과 북미관계 등 한반도 정세가 급변했고 10년간의 암흑기 동안 고군분투했던 남북관계 복원을 위한 실현 가능한 의제를 학계, 문학장에 제시할 때가 되었다. 그러려면 ‘납․월북과 해금’이란 냉전체제하 낙인찍기 식의 문화통치 개념을 근본적으로 해체, 극복해야 한다. 즉 ‘재․월북과 해금 개념을 ‘분단 피해자의 정치적 복권 및 문화적 신원(伸冤)운동’으로 프레임을 전환할 수 있다. 그 구체적 사례로 남북한 문학장에서 한때 배제, 실종되었던 포석 조명희의 복권 과정과 정전화 문제를 살펴보았다. 그 결과 냉전체제․분단체제가 강제한 공안통치적 배제․숙청이라는 ‘뺄셈의 문학사’ 프레임에서 벗어나 탈냉전․평화체제를 지향하는 ‘통합과 포용의 문화사’로 의제를 전환할 필요를 절감하게 된다.

영어초록

The purpose of this study was to dismantle the concept called “Wolbuk Writers(who escaped to North Korea)” and “Haegeum(removal of ban)” and identify alternatives as the removal of the ban on the artists who defected or abducted to the North Korea marked 3 decades. We intended to propose the viewpoint called ‘cultural booty’ of June 10 Struggle(1987), unlike the common notion that the reinstatement of artist who defected to the North Korea and, along with their literary works, and the introduction of the North Korean literature as part of effort to understand the North Korea correctly, were realized by the benevolent actions of the government prior to 88 Seoul Olympics.
The study on the North Korean literature, an academic field, began in full-scale as part of the removal of the ban on the artists who defected or abducted to the North Korea and the movement to understand the North Korea correctly in 1988, a year which witnessed the end of military dictatorship and launch of procedural democratic process.
As of 2018, which is 3 decades later, the situation on the Korean Peninsula has changed drastically, including the relationship of the two Koreas and U.S.-North Korean relationship. It is time that we should present feasible agenda to academic circles and literature field, which can be implemented for restoration of the relationship of the two Koreas that have undergone a period of darkness over the last 10 years. For that, the cultural rule, branded as defection or abduction to the North Korea under the Cold War system, should be fundamentally dismantled and overcome. In other words, the concept of defection or abduction to the North Korea can be turned into the frame of movement for political reinstatement of the victims of the national division and cultural relief.
Specifically, we examined the reinstatement process of Poseok Jo Myeong-hee who had been excluded and vanished from the literature field of the South Korea and the North Korea, and the issue of truce, the suspension of hostilities. There is a need to shift the agenda towards the cultural history of integration and inclusion in pursuit of peace system and detente from Cold War away from the frame of literary history of subtraction called ‘exclusion and purge’ under the ruling system of public security which was forced by the Cold War system and divided system.

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