빗자루를 통한 일본의 출산민속 (Japanese Ethnology of Childbearing Relating to Brooms)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 일본어문학회
· 수록지 정보 : 일본어문학 / 85호 / 379 ~ 407페이지
· 저자명 : 노성환

초록

本稿は箒の俗信を通じて日本の出産民俗を考察したものである。出産における箒の信仰は、箒そのものが内から外に掃き出す機能があるが如く、お腹から新しい生命を外に出す神秘的な力を持っているものとの認識から発生したものであった。従って箒は大切に取り扱わなければならない道具であった。箒が出産における神聖性を持つようになったのは掃き出す呪力、赤ちゃんの胎毒を食べる海の蟹を管理したという神話があり、それを利用して安産の信仰を広げる神社もあった。さらに、逆さまに立てて置くと出産を助ける産神が宿る神木になるという信仰もあった。日本には様々な産神がある。その中でも箒神と廁神は産前と産後の領域を越えて産婦と子供を助ける神である。しかし廁神は形が抽象的なのに対し、箒神は箒を通じて自分の姿を具現化し難産や出産の際、産婦のお腹を掃き下ろすことができる。それだけでなく出産の知らせが伝わると、真っ先に駆けつけて来るほど積極性を持った神だった。こうしたことから箒神は、出産時に日本人が最も頼りにした神だったと言えるだろう。

영어초록

In this article, we analyze the Japanese ethnology of childbearing based on the folk belief relating to brooms. The faith in broom in childbearing originated from people’s recognition of broom, according to which the broom has a mysterious power of extracting a new life from the body, as a metaphorical interpretation of the usual function of brooms. The broom is, therefore, an equipment which has been carefully used. Some shrines propagated their beliefs by making use of the mythology that the broom acquired the mystical power due to its mystical force and that it was employed to control sea crabs which were believed to eat baby‐internal poisons. There is also a belief that if one puts a broom on the ground upside down, it will become a holy tree where the guardian deity of pregnant women will lodge. There are various guardian deities of pregnant women in Japan. In particular, the god lodging in a broom is considered the one which helps easy childbearing and the child beyond the realm of childbearing. While the god lodging in a toilet is an abstract existence, the god lodging in a broom manifests its figure through a concrete entity and helps childbearing by “sweeping” the pregnant women’s body. In addition, the god lodging in a broom immediately comes once it is notified of someone’s childbearing. For these reasons, we contend that Japanese people have most thoroughly relied upon the god lodging in a broom in the case of childbearing.

참고자료

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