儒·佛·仙의 신체문화에 나타난 체육방법 (The Methods of physical education in somatic culture of Confucian,Buddhist and Taoist)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국체육철학회
· 수록지 정보 : 움직임의 철학 : 한국체육철학회지 / 16권 / 2호 / 87 ~ 99페이지
· 저자명 : 김이수, 김태현, 강덕모

초록

이 연구는 한국의 신체문화를 유·불·선을 중심으로 살펴보고, 이를 통해 삼교의 신체문화가 어떠한 개연성을 가지고 있으며, 삼교의 신체사상은 궁극적으로 한국의 체육방법에 어떻게 나타나고 있는가를 고찰하기 위하여 실시되었다. 유가에 있어서 신체문화는 ‘실천지학으로서의 수양과정’으로 敬과 지행합일(知行合一)을 통해 실천지학(實踐之學)을 최고의 이상으로 추구한다. 따라서 유가에서 체육방법은 성경공부(誠敬工夫), 존양공부(存養工夫), 성찰공부(省察工夫)를 통해 구체적 삶, 즉 일상을 화두로 삼는다. 즉 유가에서의 체육방법은 존양공부, 성찰공부, 성경공부를 절차탁마(切磋琢磨)의 과정을 익힘으로서 실천지(實踐知)를 통한 치양지(致良知)를 추구한다. 불가의 체육방법은 ‘삼밀수행으로서의 고행과정’으로 고행적 신체관을 강조하는데, 삼밀(三密)이란 신(身)·구(口)·의(意)의 조화를 통해 깨달음을 얻고자 한다. 삼밀에서 신(身)은 조신(調身)을 의(意)는 조심(調心)을 의미하며, 특히 구(口)는 호흡(調息)과 함께 독경(讀經), 식습관을 포함한다고 하겠다. 이는 사후에 몸은 죽어도 혼으로 남아 다시 회생한다는 불가의 윤회사상과 일치한다. 도가의 체육방법은 ‘삼법수행으로서의 수행과정’으로 설명이 가능하다. 즉, 성명쌍수(性命雙修)를 목적으로 조신, 조식, 조심을 심과 신, 성과 명의 병행적 수행관을 기본적인 체육방법으로 하고 있다. 따라서 유불선 삼교에서 실행한 체육방법은 실천지학으로서의 수양과정, 삼밀수행으로서의 고행과정, 삼법수행으로서의 수행과정을 통해 ‘스스로 자아를 깨우친(自覺) 인간’을 추구하였다고 할 수 있다.

영어초록

The purpose of this study was to consider the Korean somatic culture based on Confucian, Buddhist and Taoist, and through this consideration it was appeared what was the probability which somatic culture within the three religions had, and then it was discussed how the somatic thought of the three religions had an effect on the methods of physical education in Korea. The somatic culture of Confucian was the process of moral culture as the study of embodied knowing', and the study of embodied knowing through Kyong(敬) and the unit of knowledge and conduct(知行合一) was the ultimate object in Confucian. So the methods of physical education of a Confucian scholar were the concrete life or everyday life through the study being with sincerity and reverence, cultivation, and reflection. The methods of physical education in Buddhist was the asceticism as three mystic practices', therefore it emphasized the somatic culture with ascetic. Three mystic practices was the process of Buddhahood through the harmony with body, language and mind. In three mystic practices, the body meant physical training, the mind meant psychological control, and the language covered gentle breathing, reading scriptures, and food habits. In Buddhist, reading scriptures and food habits were means of asceticism, and breathing had a close relation to human life, therefore this was corresponded with the transmigration of souls which known as the soul was revived when the body was extinction. The methods of physical education in Taoist might be explained as 'the process of practice with three-method'. The purpose of practices in Taoist were the cultivation of both inner nature and fate(性命雙修), and the basic methods of physical education was the whole practices in both of body and mind, inner nature and fate in company with physical training, gentle breathing and psychological control. The main topic of Taoist were the care of one's health and immortality, and it would sought the most instinct desire of human. Finally, the methods of physical education within the three religions would sought a man of awakening' through the process of moral culture as the study of embodied knowing, the asceticism as three mystic practices, and the process of practice with three-method.

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