『고려사절요』 卒記에 나타난 世評과 ‘不事生産’ (Public Reputation and ‘Bulsasaengsan(不事生産)’ in Jolgi(卒記), 『Goryosa Jeoryo』)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 효원사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 역사와 세계 / 55권 / 121 ~ 145페이지
· 저자명 : 김병인

초록

『고려사절요』 ‘졸기’에 보이는 관인에 대한 세평에 대해서 살펴본 결과 첫째, 비난, 힐난, 기롱이 하나의 축이며, 칭찬과 칭송이 다른 하나의 요소를 이루었다. 둘째, 기롱과 비난의 대상이 된 사례는 나이가 들어서도 관직에서 물러나지 않은 자, 백성을 수탈하거나 여색을 탐하는 등 개인의 행실이 좋지 않은 자, 교우관계가 안 좋거나 불의와 타협하거나 묵인하는 등 공적 신뢰를 얻지 못한 자, 자신의 본분을 다하지 못한 자, 인품이 가볍거나 인색하거나, 교만한 자 등이었다. 셋째, 긍정적 평가를 받은 관인들은 학문과 문장에 뛰어나고 인품이 훌륭한 경우, 지방관으로 재직시 권농, 애민, 구제, 구휼, 청렴, 강직 등으로 지방민의 칭송을 들은 인물군, 대관이나 간관으로 있으면서 간언이나 인사행정 등을 공정하게 처리한 관인층, 국외에서 국왕을 호종하거나 사신으로 다녀왔을 때 경비를 아꼈거나 불의한 관행을 따르지 않은 경우, 뚜렷한 군공을 세웠거나 무장으로 재식 시 청렴하거나 공정한 일 처리를 한 사례, ‘불사생산’ 혹은 ‘불사산업’으로 표현된 인물 등이었다. 이외 칭송과 기롱을 동시에 받는 이중적 인물도 있었다. 넷째, 고려시대 대부분의 관인들은 녹봉만으로 생활하기 어려웠기 때문에 불법, 탈법, 관행 등 다양한 방법으로 치부를 하였는데, 이러한 행위를 하지 않은 일부의 관료들에게 ‘불사생산’과 같은 사회적 평가를 부여하여 특별하게 구분하였다.

영어초록

This study reviewed public reputation of government officials shown in the Death Records called ‘Jolgi’, 『Goryosa Jeoryo』. According to the review, first, there are two axes; one for reproach, criticism and derision, and the other for praise and compliments. Second, the ones in reproach and derision were those who refused to retire even at their advanced age, had bad personality to exploit people and poor social relationships, were lecherous, untruthful enough to compromise with injustice or overlook, or unresponsible for their duty. And also that included those who were careless, stingy. or arrogant. Third, the government officials of positive reputation were the ones distinguished in learning and writing with a good personality, or those who got compliments and respect from local residents for their agriculture promotion, mind of loving people, aid, relief, and being upright and incorruptible while served as local officials. And the item included high-ranking officials like Daegwan or Sagwan known as fair treatment in advice and personnel administration, and those who saved expenses abroad while they were in attendance on King or an envoy out of injustice. And also there included the ones who made a distinguished military contribution, or upright and fair treatment during their service, and those who were described as Bulsasaengub or Bulsasanub’ which means not holding a job for profits. Interestingly, there were some who got not only compliment, but also reproach at the same time. Fourth, most government officials were bad off with their pay only in Goryeo dynasty, which let them make money through diverse ways including illegality, manipulation of the law, or old custom. And those who never had such a job were distinguished with the public reputation as ‘not holding a job for profits’. Fifth, in Goryeo society. all the officials including King could not get out of public reputation, which made them make efforts to culture their virtue and personality required in the society and family tradition, and they recognized that as a family business or custom.

참고자료

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