世宗實錄 地理志를 통해 본 朝鮮初 貢物 分定의 실제와 특성 (The Actuality and Characteristics of the Distribution of Tribute Items During the Joseon Era as Viewed from the Geographical Appendix to the Annals of King Sejong)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국사연구회
· 수록지 정보 : 한국사연구 / 161호 / 37 ~ 86페이지
· 저자명 : 소순규

초록

This study analyzes and reconstructs the local product items listed in the <Sejong sillok jiriji (世宗實錄 地理志, Geographical Appendix to the Annals of King Sejong)>in order to shed light on how such tributary items were distributed during the early 15th century in Joseon Korea. Existing studies have focused on analyzing the institutional framework of tributes and the characteristics of the daenap (代納) or bangnap (防納), which constitutes payment by proxy, carried out in a full scale from the 16th century. This study however focuses on the characteristics of the individual area－based distribution of tribute items during the 15th century and the background to such characteristics.
This study focuses on the local product items listed in the <Sejong sillok jiriji (世宗實錄 地理志, Geographical Appendix to the Annals of King Sejong)>. The list of local product items found in the <Sejong sillok jiriji> was compiled in a manner that was closely related to the state's collection system. However, the uncertainty surrounding the characteristics of individual items has meant that there have been limitations to the use of such materials. As there are a very large number of items listed and the structure of items is divided into the provincial and local (gun－hyeon) unit levels, the use of the tribute related items found in the <Sejong sillok jiriji> has in the past proven to be even more difficult. To this end, this study sought to identify the characteristics of the tribute related items found in the <Sejong sillok jiriji> and based on these characteristics, recreate the actual situation surrounding the tribute items which each region was expected to produce.
The provincial level constituted the main administrative unit as far as the distribution of tribute items during the 15th century was concerned. Provincial differences surfaced in the patterns of the distribution of tribute items that were based on the distance from Hanyang. Thus, while most gun－hyeon units in Gyeonggi Province produced similar basic life necessities as tribute items, Chungcheong, Gangwon and Hwanghae Provinces, from which transportation was a more important issue, were asked to produce more specific items such as wooden materials. It was from these provinces as well that the greatest variety of tribute items were demanded. The Jeolla and Gyeongsang Provinces, which were located further from the central government, exhibited the biggest variety in terms of the tribute items produced at the local gun－hyeon unit. They were expected to produce local specialties such as fruits and raw material－based handicraft works. Although the Pyeongan and Hamgyeong Provinces produced the least number of different tribute items, they were expected to deliver high－priced articles such as sable and gold. These articles also played an important role in international trade.
This method of distributing tribute items was rooted in reasonable considerations of various conditions such as the demands of the state, situation in production areas, and transportation conditions. This practice of levying tributes, which had functioned as one of the official duties levied by the state prior to the establishment of the Daedongbeop (大同法, Uniform Land Tax Law), now greatly revolved around the characteristics of arbitrariness and exploitation. However, efforts were also made to introduce rationality into the institutional management of the tributary system during the early Joseon era.

영어초록

This study analyzes and reconstructs the local product items listed in the <Sejong sillok jiriji (世宗實錄 地理志, Geographical Appendix to the Annals of King Sejong)>in order to shed light on how such tributary items were distributed during the early 15th century in Joseon Korea. Existing studies have focused on analyzing the institutional framework of tributes and the characteristics of the daenap (代納) or bangnap (防納), which constitutes payment by proxy, carried out in a full scale from the 16th century. This study however focuses on the characteristics of the individual area－based distribution of tribute items during the 15th century and the background to such characteristics.
This study focuses on the local product items listed in the <Sejong sillok jiriji (世宗實錄 地理志, Geographical Appendix to the Annals of King Sejong)>. The list of local product items found in the <Sejong sillok jiriji> was compiled in a manner that was closely related to the state's collection system. However, the uncertainty surrounding the characteristics of individual items has meant that there have been limitations to the use of such materials. As there are a very large number of items listed and the structure of items is divided into the provincial and local (gun－hyeon) unit levels, the use of the tribute related items found in the <Sejong sillok jiriji> has in the past proven to be even more difficult. To this end, this study sought to identify the characteristics of the tribute related items found in the <Sejong sillok jiriji> and based on these characteristics, recreate the actual situation surrounding the tribute items which each region was expected to produce.
The provincial level constituted the main administrative unit as far as the distribution of tribute items during the 15th century was concerned. Provincial differences surfaced in the patterns of the distribution of tribute items that were based on the distance from Hanyang. Thus, while most gun－hyeon units in Gyeonggi Province produced similar basic life necessities as tribute items, Chungcheong, Gangwon and Hwanghae Provinces, from which transportation was a more important issue, were asked to produce more specific items such as wooden materials. It was from these provinces as well that the greatest variety of tribute items were demanded. The Jeolla and Gyeongsang Provinces, which were located further from the central government, exhibited the biggest variety in terms of the tribute items produced at the local gun－hyeon unit. They were expected to produce local specialties such as fruits and raw material－based handicraft works. Although the Pyeongan and Hamgyeong Provinces produced the least number of different tribute items, they were expected to deliver high－priced articles such as sable and gold. These articles also played an important role in international trade.
This method of distributing tribute items was rooted in reasonable considerations of various conditions such as the demands of the state, situation in production areas, and transportation conditions. This practice of levying tributes, which had functioned as one of the official duties levied by the state prior to the establishment of the Daedongbeop (大同法, Uniform Land Tax Law), now greatly revolved around the characteristics of arbitrariness and exploitation. However, efforts were also made to introduce rationality into the institutional management of the tributary system during the early Joseon era.

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