국민정부시기의 北四行(1927~1937) - 그 발전의 배경과 요인에 대한 분석을 중심으로 - (The Development of North Four Banks during Nanking Government Times)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 부산경남사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 역사와경계 / 100호 / 335 ~ 375페이지
· 저자명 : 임지환

초록

국민정부시기 북4행은 빠른 성장을 이룰 수 있었는데 그 성장의 주요 요인으로서 북4행은 1930년대 중국 내지로부터 연안지역의 대도시로 집중되기 시작했던 유휴자금을 효율적으로 흡수하여 그 수신업무의 신장에 커다란 성과를 이룰 수 있었고, 발권행위를 성공적으로 수행함으로써 제고된 신용을 배경으로 시중의 자금을 적극 흡수하여 금융경영에 적절히 활용할 수 있었다. 그리고 1930년대 초 금융환경의 변화와 함께 錢莊과 外商銀行의 두 금융세력이 쇠퇴하게 되자 북4행은 이를 금융업무의 확장에 효율적으로 이용할 수 있었다. 북양정부시기와 마찬가지로 북4행은 국민정부와의 유착관계를 지속적으로 유지하면서 금융업무를 확장해갈 수 있었으며 금융자본을 산업계에 침투시킴으로서 상공업의 침체와 함께 하나 둘씩 도산해가는 유력기업들을 은행 산하로 흡수하면서 은행자본을 산업계에 확장시켜갔다. 이상 제 요인을 배경으로 북4행은 국민정부시기에 빠른 발전을 이룰 수 있었다.

영어초록

The North four banks could have grown so rapidly during Nanking government times. There are several factors that made it possible for North four banks to accomplish the rapid development in banking business.
First, North four banks could expand their deposit service by absorbing effectively the floating funds that begin to converge on the large cities of Chinese coastal area at the beginning of 1930s. Second, North four banks took advantage of the function for the issue of bank notes ot enhance their financial credit in the Chinese financial market, which contribute to increasing the deposit amount of North four banks in 1930s. Third, in 1930s, the financial influence of foreign banks and Chinese traditional banks in the Chinese financial market began to be decayed, which gave the North four banks the very good opportunity to expand their financial influence in the Chinese financial market. Four, North four banks made an effort politically and financially to maintain the good relation with Nanking government during Nanking government times. The North four banks could expand their banking abusiness under the protection of Nanking government instead of providing the financial assitance to Nanking government. The North four banks tried to expand the banking business to the industrial world by merging and annexing the influential enterprise.
In the process of rapid banking growth, North four banks left the positive e and negative impacts in the Chinese financial and industrial world. In the case of positive influence, the North four banks contributed to preventing the foreign capitals from occupying the Chinese promising enterprises, and weakening the influence of foreign banks in the Chinese financial market. In the case of negative influence, the rapid development of North four banks not only accelerated the floating capitals to converge on the stock market, instead of making investment for the national industrial development, for speculation, but also caused the Chinese industrial capitals to be occupied by banking capitals.

참고자료

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