조선시대 奉常寺의 설치와 기능, 그 위상 (The Installation of the Bongsang-shi(奉常寺) Office in Joseon - Its Functions and Status -)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 진단학회
· 수록지 정보 : 진단학보 / 122호 / 49 ~ 88페이지
· 저자명 : 이현진

초록

봉상시의 기원은 신라시대까지 거슬러 올라가고, 고려를 거쳐서 조선이 건국되자 곧바로 설치되었다. 태조가 봉상시를 설치한 뒤 태종대에 ‘典祀寺’로 관서명이 바뀌었다가 세종대에 다시 ‘봉상시’로 회복되었다. 이후 봉상시는 고종대 ‘奉常司’로 바뀌기 전까지 유지되었다.
봉상시 관련 기록은 관찬자료를 비롯하여 법전과 봉상시의 관서지인 『太常誌(志)』(1766, 1873)에 잘 정리되어 있다. 또 봉상시의 일을 분장하기 위해 임시로 둔 ‘分奉常寺’가 있었다.
봉상시에서 담당한 주요 업무는 국가 제사와 諡號의 議定이었다. 그 밖에도 東籍田․西籍田을 관할하고, 산릉의 看審, 외국 사신 접대, 輪對 참여, 얼음 저장 감독 등 다양한 일을 맡아 처리했다.
봉상시가 정3품 아문에 해당하여 그 위상이 타 관서에 비해 낮지 않았다. ‘寺’字가 붙은 관서 중에서는 가장 높은 품계를 지닌 관서였다. 뿐만 아니라 영조․고종대 두 번에 걸쳐 관서지가 편찬되었다는 것도 봉상시의 위상을 잘 드러내는 측면이었다.

영어초록

The Bongsang-shi office hails back to the Shilla dynasty period. It was also in the Goryeo government, and right after the foundation of the Joseon dynasty it was opened up again. Founder king Taejo did so, but during the reign of king Taejong the name was changed to Jeonsa-shi(典祀寺), only to be reversed back to Bongsang-shi during king Sejong’s reign. Later the name remained, until it was changed to Bongsang-sa(奉常司) during king Gojong’s reign.
Records relating to this Bongsang-shi office are frequently found in official chronicles including law codes, and also the official almanac of the office named 『Taesang-ji(太常誌)』(1766, 1873). The Bongsang-shi office also had a branch office titled ‘Bun- Bongsang-shi(分奉常寺)’ installed from time to time in a temporary fashion whenever it was needed.
The Bongsang-shi office was in charge of overseeing national memorial services and discussing and deciding posthumous titles[諡號] for the royal family members and not to mention the kings. Other than that, the office was also in charge of managing certain land units such as the East and West Royal Jeokjeon fields[東․西籍田]. It also oversaw monitoring[看審] of the royal mausoleums, participation in royal gatherings[輪對], and ice storages.
Bongsang-shi was a Jeong-3 rate office, and was an office with a relatively high status. It was in fact the highest one among offices which had the extension of ‘Shi(寺)’ in their titles. Also, the fact that an official almanac was created not once but twice respectively during kings Yeongjo and Gojong’s reigns, effectively displays the status of the Bongsang-shi office.

참고자료

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