朝鮮時期 麗水의 石堡와 石(堡)倉 (Yeosu's Stone Fortress(石堡) and Storage of a Stone Fortress(石倉) in the Choseon dynasty)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 호남사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 역사학연구 / 33호 / 57 ~ 90페이지
· 저자명 : 변동명

초록

조선전기 麗水에 石堡라 불리는 소규모의 석축 보루가 있었다. 현재의 石倉城址가 그곳인데, 그 선구적인 존재가 여수 木柵塗泥城이었다. 조선초 태종 15년(1415) 이전 아마도 태조가 즉위하던 즈음 축조된 이 목책도니성은, 처음 여수현의 治所였다. 그랬다가 여수가 순천으로 통합된 후에는 왜구 방어시설로만 사용되었으며, 석창성지 인근의 봉계동토성이 곧 그곳일 가능성이 높았다.
여수 석보는 세종 27년(1445) 무렵 처음 그 축조가 결정되었으며, 문종 2년(단종 즉위, 1452)의 구체적 추진을 계기로 세조 3년(1457) 이전 언젠가 완성되었다. 퇴락한 목책도니성을 대신할 새로운 왜구 방어시설로서였다. 이 석축의 보루가 석창성지에 들어선 것은, 바다 가까이에 위치한 데다 그 일원이 옛 여수현의 치소로서 인구가 밀집된 곳이기 때문이었다. 여수 석보는 兵馬使 휘하의 陸軍에 속한 關防이었다.
여수 석보는 중종 17년(1522)에 혁파되고, 그 군병은 이웃의 돌산진으로 옮겨갔다. 지역방어의 중심이 全羅左水營과 防踏鎭을 축으로 재편된 데 따른 조치였다. 이후 16세기 중반 즈음 석보는 還穀을 관리하는 창고시설로 전용되었다. 명칭마저 석(보)창으로 바뀐 이 석축구조물은, 조선말 환곡제가 폐지되면서 그 공적인 시설로서의 운명을 마감하였다. 석(보)창 일대에는 거주인구와 유동인구가 상당하였다. 17세기 초반 즈음 벌써 場市가 개설될 정도였다. 순천과 여수지역을 통틀어 최초로 개설된 3곳 중의 하나였던 이 장시는, 전라도 동부지역에서 평균적인 규모의 크기였다.

영어초록

In the early Choseon dynasty there existed in Yeosu a small stone fortress, which was called a fort made up of stone. This fortress was known as the current storage remains of a stone fortress(石倉城址), a leading form of which was the muddy fortress enclosed by a wooden fence in Yeosu. The fortress which was built by the time King Taejo was presumably crowned before the King Taejong 15th year of his reign (1415) in the early Choseon dynasty was the first government office of Yeosu prefecture. Then it was put to use only for defending against Japanese pirates after Yeosu was integrated into Suncheon, so that it might well be the very place where Bonggye-dong mud fortification was adjacent to the storage remains of a stone fortress.
When the initial stone fortress in Yeosu was out to be built was about Seojong the Great 27th year of his reign(1445), and it was completed by the concrete promotion triggered in the King Munjong 2nd year of his reign(Danjong's accession to the throne in 1542) before the King Sejo 3rd year of his reign(1457). Its construction involved defending against Japanese pirates newly instead of the decaying muddy fortress with a wooden fence. This was because the fortress set in the current storage remains of a stone fortress was close to the sea, part which was a densely populated district. The fortress in Yeosu was, thus, a night watchman's room belonging to the army under the Byeongmasa(the military commanders).
The stone fortress in Yeosu was innovated in the King Jungjong 17th year of his reign(1522), so that the soldiers moved into Dolsan garrison in the vicinity of it, according to which the core of zone defense was reorganized around the Navy Command of Left Cholla and the garrison of Bangdap in Dolsan island. After this, the stone fortress was diverted to a warehouse facility for managing the system of grain loans in about the middle 16th century. The structure of the fortress of which even the name was renamed Seokchang(the storage of a stone fortress).
Seokchang had come to the end of its destiny as a public facility, with the abolition of the Grain Loan System(Hwan'gok-je) at the end of the Choseon dynasty. The floating population all over Seokchang was so dense that a private market would already be established. This market, one of private markets first established throughout the areas of Suncheon and Yeosu, was one of average size.

참고자료

· 없음