육상선수의 경기력 발달주기와 단계별 심리경험 (Performance Development Span and Psychological Experience by Stages of Track and Field Athletes)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 국민체육진흥공단 한국스포츠과학원
· 수록지 정보 : 체육과학연구 / 34권 / 2호 / 246 ~ 258페이지
· 저자명 : 김덕현, 윤영길

초록

[목적] 본 연구는 육상선수의 경기기록을 토대로 경기력발달단계를 구획하고 발달단계의 연속체인 경기력발달주기를도출한 후 경기력발달주기의 심리경험을 추출할 목적으로 진행하였다.
[방법] 본 연구에서는 은퇴 육상선수 56명이 경기기록을 제공하였으며, 10명이 심층면담에 참여하였다. 비율기록에 장단기 이동평균과 회귀식기울기를 활용해 경기력발달단계를 구획하고, 연속체인 경기력발달주기를 도출하였다. 경기력발달주기 심리경험 추출을 위하여 심층면담 후 주제분석을 진행하였다.
[결과] 첫째, 육상선수의 경기력발달단계는 비율기록에 장단기 이동평균을 산출하고, 장기이동평균이 산출되지 않는 초기 20% 출전비율의 회귀식기울기 평균차를 토대로 입문기, 상승기, 절정기, 쇠퇴기로 구획하였다. 둘째, 경기력발달주기는 경기력발달단계의 연속체로 입문기는 0＜비율기록≤7로, 경기기록이 급상승하는 시기이다. 상승기는 7＜비율기록≤60으로, 선수가 성장하는 선순환 시기이다. 절정기는 60＜비율기록≤74로, 절정의 기록이 유지되는 시기이다. 쇠퇴기는 74＜비율기록≤100으로, 경기기록이 하락하는 시기이다. 셋째, 경기력발달주기에 걸쳐 육상선수의 신체지능은타고난 신체적 우월성을 토대로 기술력이 상승하다 정점에 이루러 유지되다 하락 추세에 진입한다. 경기지능은 경기운영능력과 종목지식이 미숙한 상태에서 점차 성숙하면서 자기화를 지향한다. 심리지능은 초기 심리적 위축을 극복해 자신감을 형성하며 정점에서 심리적 부담을 경험하다 이내 자신감이 하락한다. 환경 맥락에서 경기기록은 초기 급상승하다 완만한 상승을 이어가며 정점에 이르러 유지되다 하락 추세에 진입한다.
[결론] 육상선수의 경기력발달주기는 입문기, 상승기, 절정기, 쇠퇴기의 연속체로 구현되고, 경기력발달주기 심리경험은 신체지능, 경기지능, 심리지능, 환경맥락이 주기를 형성한다. 경기력발달주기에 대한 육상계의 관심을 기대한다.

영어초록

PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to section the stages of performance development based on the track and field athletes' performance records, derive the performance development span, which was a continuum of the development stages, and extract the psychological experience of the performance development span. METHODS In this study, 56 retired track and field athletes were provided with competition records, and 10 athletes participated in in-depth interviews. With the stage of performance development partitioned using long and short-term moving averages and regression slope in PRR, a continuous of performance development span was derived. To extract psychological experiences in the performance development span, a subject analysis was conducted after an in-depth interview. RESULTS First, the track and field athletes' performance development stage calculated short and long-term moving averages in the PRR. Based on the average difference in the regression slope of the initial 20% CPR in which the long-term moving average was not calculated, it was divided into beginning, rising, peak, and decline periods. Second, the performance development span was a continuum of the stage was of performance development, and the beginning period was 0 < PRR ≤ 7, it was a time when the competition record rises sharply. The rising period was 7 < PRR ≤ 60, which was a virtuous cycle time of growth athlete. The peak period was 60 < PRR ≤ 74, which was a time when the peak record was maintained. The decline period was 74 < PRR ≤ 100, which was a time when the competition record was downward. Third, throughout the performance development span physical intelligence of track and field athletes was based on their natural physical superiority, the technical skills rises and remains at its peak and then enters a downward trend. Competitional Intelligence aims to become personalization as it matures gradually while its competition management capability and game knowledge are immature. Psychological intelligence overcomes the initial psychological atrophy to form confidence, and after experiencing psychological burden at the peak, confidence decreases. In the environmental context, the competition record rises in the early stages, continues to rise, peaks, and enters a downward trend. CONCLUSIONS Track and field athletes' performance development span was implemented as a continuum of beginning, rising, peak, and decline periods, and the psychological experience of the performance development span formed a span of physical intelligence, competitional intelligence, psychological intelligence, and environmental context.

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