명령 발화의 감정별 음성 특징 연구 (An Analysis of Audio-Specific Characteristics of Different Emotional States in Order Utterance)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한양대학교 동아시아문화연구소
· 수록지 정보 : 동아시아문화연구 / 81호 / 95 ~ 118페이지
· 저자명 : 김진만, 정종수

초록

본 연구의 목적은 20대 남녀 화자가 산출한 명령 발화를 분석하여 감정에 따른 음성적 특징을 찾는 것이다. 음성적 특징으로는 평균 음높이, 강도, 발화 속도, 억양구 마지막 음절의 길이, 음높이 움직임의 기울기와 이동 거리 차이를 알아보았다. 연구 결과를 살펴보면, 평균 음높이는 ‘공포>분노>기쁨>슬픔>중립’ 순서로 높았다. 전체 집단의 경우 공포와 중립 감정 간 평균 음높이 차이가 유의미하고, 남성은 공포와 중립, 공포와 슬픔 간에, 여성은 공포와 중립, 공포와 슬픔, 공포와 기쁨 간 차이가 유의미하였다. 평균 강도는 ‘분노>기쁨>공포>중립>슬픔’ 순서로 세지만, 감정별 차이는 유의미하지 않았다. 발화 속도는 전체 집단과 여성은 ‘분노>공포>중립>슬픔>기쁨’ 순서로, 남성은 ‘분노>공포>중립>기쁨>슬픔’ 순서로 빨랐다. 전체 집단의 경우 분노와 슬픔, 분노와 기쁨, 공포와 슬픔, 공포와 기쁨, 중립과 기쁨 간에, 남성은 분노와 기쁨, 분노와 슬픔 간에, 여성은 분노와 슬픔, 분노와 기쁨, 공포와 기쁨 간에 유의미한 속도 차이가 있었다. 억양구 마지막 음절의 길이는 전체 집단과 남성, 여성 모두 ‘기쁨>슬픔>공포>분노>중립’ 순서로 길었다. 세 집단 모두에서 기쁨과 분노, 기쁨과 중립, 슬픔과 분노, 슬픔과 중립 감정 간 차이가 유의미하였다. 여성의 경우 공포와 중립 감정 간에, 전체 집단의 경우 기쁨과 공포, 공포와 중립 간에도 유의미한 차이가 있었다. 음높이 움직임 이동 거리는 남녀를 구분하지 않은 전체 집단에서는 ‘슬픔>공포>중립>분노>기쁨’, 남성은 ‘슬픔>공포>분노>중립>기쁨’, 여성은 ‘슬픔>중립>공포>분노>기쁨’의 순서를 보여 집단 간 차이를 보였지만 세 집단 모두에서 기쁨 발화의 음높이 움직임 이동 거리가 슬픔 발화보다 유의미하게 길다는 점은 일치하였다. 마지막으로 음높이 움직임 기울기는 감정 간 유의미한 차이가 없었다.

영어초록

This study examines order utterances from male and female subjects in their twenties to find audio-specific traits emanating from different emotions. The researcher has particularly focused on the average pitch, intensity, utterance rate, length of the last syllable of intonational phrases, and the difference between pitch movements’ curve and its movement distance. The experiment findings demonstrate that the average pitch was higher in the following order of emotions: fear>anger>delight>sadness>neutral. A significant point drawn from this study is highlighted by the average pitch’s differences between various emotional states. For instance, in the entire group, it was worth noting the average pitch difference between fear and neutral while in the male group, such significance was found on the differences of average pitch between fear and neutral. On the other hand, in the female group, the average pitch’s variation was shown between fear and neutral, fear and sadness, and fear and delight. The average intensity was ordered as anger>delight>fear>neutral>sadness; however, the emotional differences were not significant. The speech rate in the entire group and the female group was ordered as anger>fear>neutral>sadness>delight, whereas in the male group, it was ordered as anger>fear>neutral>delight>sadness. The speech rate difference was especially highlighted between anger and sadness, anger and delight, fear and sadness, fear and delight, and neutral and delight in the entire group. In the male group, the speech rate difference was emphasized between anger and delight, and between anger and sadness. The female group’s speech rate difference was significant between anger and sadness, anger and delight, and fear and delight. The length of the last syllable of intonational phrases was longest in delight, followed by sadness, fear, anger, and neutral in the entire group, the male group, and the female group. All of the groups showed substantial differences between delight and anger, delight and neutral, sadness and anger, and sadness and neutral. The female group showed substantial differences in such length between fear and neutral. In the entire group, there were significant findings in the differences in the length of the last syllable of intonational phrases between delight and fear, and fear and neutral. The movement distance of pitch was longest in sadness, fear, neutral, anger, to delight in the entire group, which did not distinguish the experiment subjects’ gender. The male and the female group displayed a clear difference, as in the former unit, sadness was the longest, followed by fear, anger, neutral, and delight, while in the latter, it was ordered sadness, neutral, fear, anger, and delight. Despite the differences in the results, all three groups uniformly showed that the pitch. The distance of pitch movements of delight was longer than that of sadness. Lastly, the curve of pitch movements did not highlight any significant differences in different emotional states.

참고자료

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