中國의 禮的 秩序와 法的 秩序 (The Ritual Order vs. the Legal Order in China)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국사회와철학연구회
· 수록지 정보 : 사회와 철학 / 14호 / 143 ~ 170페이지
· 저자명 : 유희성

초록

중국의 춘추전국시대는 백가쟁명(百家爭鳴)이라고 불려지듯이, 다양한 사상이 꽃피었던 학술의 전성기이다. 아울러 여러 사상의 도전과 응전의 과정을 거쳐 이후 중국문화와 질서를 유지하는 중심적인 질서의식이 형성된다. 특히, 유가와 법가는 모두 안정된 공동체적 삶을 지향한다. 다만, 유가는 주관적인 도덕의식에 근거한 예적 질서를 주장하는 반면, 법가는 객관적인 유효성에 근거한 법적 질서를 주장한다. 이와 같은 상이한 주장은 서로 오랜 대립충돌의 과정을 거쳐 마침내 유가가 중국의 통치이념으로 정형화된다. 이러한 유가와 법가의 사상논쟁을 적나라하게 보여주는 것은 바로 한대의 『염철론(鹽鐵論)』이다. 이 책은 본래 경제와 국방의 문제를 토론한 회의록을 편찬한 것이지만, 사실은 공맹유가사상에 근거한 학자들과 한비 등의 법가사상을 표방하는 관료들 간의 첨예한 대립이다. 따라서 나는 『염철론』에 나타난 유‧ 법 논쟁을 통해 유가와 법가의 근본적인 차이점과 그 이론근거가 무엇인지 지적하고, 유가의 예적 질서와 법가의 법적 질서를 평가하는 동시에 그것이 갖는 현대적 의미를 살펴보았다.

영어초록

In the Ancient China, especially the Spring and the Autumn and Warriors periods, the social order was dismissed and extremely chaotic anomy situation had settled widely. There were lots of thinkers displayed their solutions to cease the chaotic struggling. It is claimed that their main topics and end of disputingwere how to make the ‘peace’ and settle the permanent ‘order’ in their societies. Among them, Confucius and Confucians demanded that ‘the Ritual order’ which is set on the ground of ‘Benevolence’ and the ‘Ritual’ that is their central concepts of governing the disorder. In the other hand, the Legalists claimed that the ‘Law’, objective normative order, nothing but the ‘Law’ cannot save the society from the out of chaos. It was the heydays of ideas and thoughts of the Ancient China and these thinkers’ efforts and rows found the fundamental model of norm in Chinese history.
Confucianism and Legalism, both of them tried to make stable states and societies, but their principles stand against each other. At the one hand, Confucians are claimed that the ritual order that is based on the subjective morality. On the other hand, the Legalist is demandedthat the Legal order which is grounded the objective effectiveness. Through the centuries of struggling, finally the Confucianism won and became the governing hegemony of the Chinese Dynasties.
The footprints of political hegemony struggling of Confucian and Legalist recorded as a book called ‘The Debates on the trading and taxing of Salt and Iron’. The book was the conference recordsand the committee was held for subjects on defense and economy of the state, but, in fact, the contents are substantiation of the disputing between the Confucianism and the Legalism.
Arguments of the book reveals that the obvious dichotomies between stances of Confuciansmand Legalism. In this essay, through the collision of the two extremes’ theories and differential are displayed. Nextly, it is evaluated that the ‘ritual order’ of the Confucianism and ‘legal order’ of the Legalism. Finally, it is presented the prospecting and the limitation of the moral and legal arguments in actual societies.

참고자료

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