전통시대의 백제인식—백제의 흥망에 대한 인식을 중심으로— (Cognitions of Paekche dynasty during traditional ages - Focus on the cognitions about the rising and falling of Paekche dynasty -)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 역사교육학회
· 수록지 정보 : 역사교육논집 / 46호 / 233 ~ 274페이지
· 저자명 : 박인호

초록

This article aims to examine that many of writings during traditional ages showed the different cognitions of Paekche dynasty.
There was a cognition that Goguryeo and Silla dynasties regarded Paekche as a rival dynasty but both of them had realized that Paekche had to be unified into each dynasty. Both of them left a kind of bitter interpretations about Paekche dynasty. People of those days issued the critical views about some difficulties of the inside and outside situations that Paekche dynasty confronted then. In the <Hunyo> of Taejo, the first King of Goryeo dynasty, it showed the discriminating cognitions about Paekche dynasty.
Many of records in the age of Goryeo showed a cognition that Paekche was destined to defeat from competition of Samguk and it was the poorest backward state among three states. Samguksagi , Samgukyusa and Jewangungi published in the age of Goryeo coherently indicated causes of the dawnfall as the mistakes of flunkeyism and the king, Uija's misgovernment. Those showed a cognition that Byeonhan leaded to Paekche relating to the connection between Samhan and Samguk. It brought into some views of lacking in the understanding of Paekche history.
This cognition of Paekche was succeed to the early Choson. In the early Choson, since Kwon geun displayed a cognition that he understood of Silla dynasty as a central axis in relations of Samguk and the followings offered many of severe comments to Paekche. There was not any differentiation among records written by Kim Bu-Sik and Kwon Geun and Samguksajeolyo . In the Dongguktonggam , it was added that a view of moralism and a principles of righteousness stressed that some factors like a luxurious lives and arrogant pride, King's disability and faulty policies brought into the downfall of Paekche dynasty. In the mean times, records written by official authorities were interested in the connection between SamHan and Paekche. In many of historical records and geographies including Sejongsillokjiriji , there was a cognition that those had accepted Jiksan as a captal of the early Paekche dynasty. But this view leaded to the underestimating view of growth of the early Paekche. By the way, the private historical records showed respective cognitions about the rising and falling of Paekche dynasty. Those contained some changes but those still accepted generally a cognition of Paekche originating from Donguktonggam .
Since researchers of historical geography had approached to observe Paekche dynasty with academic interests in the 17th century, it came some changes of historical cognitions of Paekche.
Especially since Han Baek-Gyeom offered a new view of SamHan, he brought into some the changed cognitions of histories of traditional states. First of all, it was a view of connecting Mahan to Paekche. There was an intellectual Yoo Hyung-Won that leaded to the same view with Han Baek-Gyeom. Yoo Hyung-Won regarded Paekche as the bigger state than Silla and he understood that Paekche area had advantage over vigorous come-and-go than Silla area. In many of historical records of the early Chosun, it commonly appeared a cognition that Paekche was not a warlike state but an advanced state than other state. This tendency succeeded to the following. Historical geographers like Lee Se-Goo and Lee Ee-Myung of the 17the century and Shin Gyung-Joon,Ahn Jung-Bok, Lee Man-Woon and Lee Geung-Ik of 18th century were more interested in the moving the seat of the capital than the moral analysis about the rising and falling of Paekche dynasty. But Most of the followers of JUJA still adhered to apply moral principles toward Paekche.
They criticized Paekche as governed by political mischief, non-legitimacy and militarism.
There were three viewpoints as the related cognitions of Paekche dynasty in the 19th century. Firstly, the historical geographers like Han Jin-seo and Kim Jeong-ho focused to research the process of geographical transition free from a view of moralism. The other most of intellectuals from Noron faction or Namin faction from Yeongnam region tried to find the causes of Paekche downfall from the breakdown of moralism and some mistakes of flunkeyism based on the view of the traditional moralism. As a third viewpoint, scholars like Jeong Yak-yong and Yun Jeong-gi understood that Paekche dynasty was the strongest state among three states in early times and they asserted that Paekche was not downfallen by the causes of moralism but by the very often moving of the capital. Their viewpoint brought into some changes but had not influenced on the follower largely. Up to the modern times and contemporary of the 20th century, the interpretation based on moralism still has survived among the succeeding researches of Paekche.
This research makes us convinced that many of writings during traditional ages showed the various cognitions of Paekche dynasty according to historical eras and circumstances. Through this research, it is proved that there were some differentiations relating to cognition of Paekche according to regions, political faction, academic tradition and era in Chosun period especially.

영어초록

This article aims to examine that many of writings during traditional ages showed the different cognitions of Paekche dynasty.
There was a cognition that Goguryeo and Silla dynasties regarded Paekche as a rival dynasty but both of them had realized that Paekche had to be unified into each dynasty. Both of them left a kind of bitter interpretations about Paekche dynasty. People of those days issued the critical views about some difficulties of the inside and outside situations that Paekche dynasty confronted then. In the <Hunyo> of Taejo, the first King of Goryeo dynasty, it showed the discriminating cognitions about Paekche dynasty.
Many of records in the age of Goryeo showed a cognition that Paekche was destined to defeat from competition of Samguk and it was the poorest backward state among three states. Samguksagi , Samgukyusa and Jewangungi published in the age of Goryeo coherently indicated causes of the dawnfall as the mistakes of flunkeyism and the king, Uija's misgovernment. Those showed a cognition that Byeonhan leaded to Paekche relating to the connection between Samhan and Samguk. It brought into some views of lacking in the understanding of Paekche history.
This cognition of Paekche was succeed to the early Choson. In the early Choson, since Kwon geun displayed a cognition that he understood of Silla dynasty as a central axis in relations of Samguk and the followings offered many of severe comments to Paekche. There was not any differentiation among records written by Kim Bu-Sik and Kwon Geun and Samguksajeolyo . In the Dongguktonggam , it was added that a view of moralism and a principles of righteousness stressed that some factors like a luxurious lives and arrogant pride, King's disability and faulty policies brought into the downfall of Paekche dynasty. In the mean times, records written by official authorities were interested in the connection between SamHan and Paekche. In many of historical records and geographies including Sejongsillokjiriji , there was a cognition that those had accepted Jiksan as a captal of the early Paekche dynasty. But this view leaded to the underestimating view of growth of the early Paekche. By the way, the private historical records showed respective cognitions about the rising and falling of Paekche dynasty. Those contained some changes but those still accepted generally a cognition of Paekche originating from Donguktonggam .
Since researchers of historical geography had approached to observe Paekche dynasty with academic interests in the 17th century, it came some changes of historical cognitions of Paekche.
Especially since Han Baek-Gyeom offered a new view of SamHan, he brought into some the changed cognitions of histories of traditional states. First of all, it was a view of connecting Mahan to Paekche. There was an intellectual Yoo Hyung-Won that leaded to the same view with Han Baek-Gyeom. Yoo Hyung-Won regarded Paekche as the bigger state than Silla and he understood that Paekche area had advantage over vigorous come-and-go than Silla area. In many of historical records of the early Chosun, it commonly appeared a cognition that Paekche was not a warlike state but an advanced state than other state. This tendency succeeded to the following. Historical geographers like Lee Se-Goo and Lee Ee-Myung of the 17the century and Shin Gyung-Joon,Ahn Jung-Bok, Lee Man-Woon and Lee Geung-Ik of 18th century were more interested in the moving the seat of the capital than the moral analysis about the rising and falling of Paekche dynasty. But Most of the followers of JUJA still adhered to apply moral principles toward Paekche.
They criticized Paekche as governed by political mischief, non-legitimacy and militarism.
There were three viewpoints as the related cognitions of Paekche dynasty in the 19th century. Firstly, the historical geographers like Han Jin-seo and Kim Jeong-ho focused to research the process of geographical transition free from a view of moralism. The other most of intellectuals from Noron faction or Namin faction from Yeongnam region tried to find the causes of Paekche downfall from the breakdown of moralism and some mistakes of flunkeyism based on the view of the traditional moralism. As a third viewpoint, scholars like Jeong Yak-yong and Yun Jeong-gi understood that Paekche dynasty was the strongest state among three states in early times and they asserted that Paekche was not downfallen by the causes of moralism but by the very often moving of the capital. Their viewpoint brought into some changes but had not influenced on the follower largely. Up to the modern times and contemporary of the 20th century, the interpretation based on moralism still has survived among the succeeding researches of Paekche.
This research makes us convinced that many of writings during traditional ages showed the various cognitions of Paekche dynasty according to historical eras and circumstances. Through this research, it is proved that there were some differentiations relating to cognition of Paekche according to regions, political faction, academic tradition and era in Chosun period especially.

참고자료

· 없음