공장 작업장의 러시아 혁명: 작업반장과 노동자의 관계를 통해 본 작업장 권력 지형의 변동 (The Russian Revolution on the Shop Floor: The Relations of Foremen with Workers and the Recast Hierarchy in the Workshops of Industrial Enterprises)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국슬라브․유라시아학회
· 수록지 정보 : 슬라브학보 / 23권 / 3호 / 329 ~ 353페이지
· 저자명 : 류한수

초록

This paper aims to elucidate what changes the hierarchical system underwent in the workshops of the industrial enterprises of St. Petersburg (called Petrograd since 1914), the capital city of the modern Russia by examining the relations of foremen with workers in before, during, and after the Russian Revolution. In the Tsarist Russia, actually, the lower supervisory personnel, especially foremen wielded power over those workers who were under their control, since the former were in the position to set the wages of the latter. Such circumstances led the workers to be subject to the arbitrariness on the part of foremen. In a nutshell, foremen were despots on the shop floor. 1917 saw that foremen lost almost all their authority over workers. In the revolutionary process of 1917 most factory workers aspired to recast the hierarchical system at production points on the basis of workplace democratism. In 1917 and the subsequent years workers elected those who gained confidence of them as foremen. In the aftermath of the Russian Revolution, in their turn, foremen made an attempt to adapt themselves to the radically changed situa-tions. 1920 saw that the top leadership of the Bolshevik Party took a tough line for enhancing the productivity of labor at any cost in order to overcome the economic dislocation which overtook the Revolutionary Russia during the Civil War. Such a productionist line supported by the top Bolshevik leaders including Vladimir I. Lenin led to the restoration of the despotic power of foremen on the shop floor. Many workers resisted it but in vain. In actuality, therefore, the strict hierarchical system based on authoritarianism was almost restored in the workshops of industrial enterprises at least at the end of the NEP era.

영어초록

This paper aims to elucidate what changes the hierarchical system underwent in the workshops of the industrial enterprises of St. Petersburg (called Petrograd since 1914), the capital city of the modern Russia by examining the relations of foremen with workers in before, during, and after the Russian Revolution. In the Tsarist Russia, actually, the lower supervisory personnel, especially foremen wielded power over those workers who were under their control, since the former were in the position to set the wages of the latter. Such circumstances led the workers to be subject to the arbitrariness on the part of foremen. In a nutshell, foremen were despots on the shop floor. 1917 saw that foremen lost almost all their authority over workers. In the revolutionary process of 1917 most factory workers aspired to recast the hierarchical system at production points on the basis of workplace democratism. In 1917 and the subsequent years workers elected those who gained confidence of them as foremen. In the aftermath of the Russian Revolution, in their turn, foremen made an attempt to adapt themselves to the radically changed situa-tions. 1920 saw that the top leadership of the Bolshevik Party took a tough line for enhancing the productivity of labor at any cost in order to overcome the economic dislocation which overtook the Revolutionary Russia during the Civil War. Such a productionist line supported by the top Bolshevik leaders including Vladimir I. Lenin led to the restoration of the despotic power of foremen on the shop floor. Many workers resisted it but in vain. In actuality, therefore, the strict hierarchical system based on authoritarianism was almost restored in the workshops of industrial enterprises at least at the end of the NEP era.

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