제2차 세계대전과 소련 젊은이들의반체제 운동 (World War II and the Formation of Dissident YouthGroups in the Soviet Union)

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초록

This paper investigates the way in which World War II affected the behaviors and attitudes of Soviet youth who were teenagers during the war period. The experiences of the war made the cohort a “unique generation,” distinctive for a number of reasons from their predecessors who grew up in peace time. First of all, like members of the older generation who fought for victory in the war, the youth gained a strong sense of entitlement from their contributions to the war effort. During the war, Soviet youth fought against the Nazis on the front or in the occupied territories as soldiers or partisans, while on the home front they labored in the deteriorating working and living conditions of the industrial complexes and construction sites. Secondly, the hardship of the war turned them into more autonomous and independent citizens. During the war, young people faced situations that forced them to make decisions by themselves. Although the older generation shared similar wartime experiences, their political attitudes differed largely from those of the teenagers. Many members of the older generation who had firsthand experiences of Stalin’s terror during the late 1930s either remained silent or conformed to the official ideology. But the generation of students who grew up during the war proved to be more independent in their thinking and behavior than the older generation. Disillusioned at the gap between political propaganda and the reality of postwar hardship, the young people opposed the authorities’ suppression of the pursuit of values youth believed were important. Criticizing Stalin’s deviation from Marxism and Leninism, these students organized dissident political organizations that pursued the construction of a “true” socialist society. The existence of dissident youth groups in the late Stalin era indicates that both de-Stalinization and the dissident movement started not during the Khrushchev era, but even before Stalin died in 1953.

영어초록

This paper investigates the way in which World War II affected the behaviors and attitudes of Soviet youth who were teenagers during the war period. The experiences of the war made the cohort a “unique generation,” distinctive for a number of reasons from their predecessors who grew up in peace time. First of all, like members of the older generation who fought for victory in the war, the youth gained a strong sense of entitlement from their contributions to the war effort. During the war, Soviet youth fought against the Nazis on the front or in the occupied territories as soldiers or partisans, while on the home front they labored in the deteriorating working and living conditions of the industrial complexes and construction sites. Secondly, the hardship of the war turned them into more autonomous and independent citizens. During the war, young people faced situations that forced them to make decisions by themselves. Although the older generation shared similar wartime experiences, their political attitudes differed largely from those of the teenagers. Many members of the older generation who had firsthand experiences of Stalin’s terror during the late 1930s either remained silent or conformed to the official ideology. But the generation of students who grew up during the war proved to be more independent in their thinking and behavior than the older generation. Disillusioned at the gap between political propaganda and the reality of postwar hardship, the young people opposed the authorities’ suppression of the pursuit of values youth believed were important. Criticizing Stalin’s deviation from Marxism and Leninism, these students organized dissident political organizations that pursued the construction of a “true” socialist society. The existence of dissident youth groups in the late Stalin era indicates that both de-Stalinization and the dissident movement started not during the Khrushchev era, but even before Stalin died in 1953.

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