백제토기 반(盤)의 출현 과정과 성격 (The Developmental Process and Characteristics of Baekje Period Plates)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국고고학회
· 수록지 정보 : 한국고고학보 / 2021권 / 4호 / 531 ~ 558페이지
· 저자명 : 우진영

초록

본고에서는 백제 반(盤) 자료를 집성하고, 이를 바탕으로 속성 검토 및 형식 분류를 통해 백제 반의 변천양상을 살펴보았다. 더불어 주변 국가 자료와 비교를 통해 백제 반의 기원 및 출현 과정을 파악하고, 출토맥락을통해 백제 사회 내에서 반의 성격을 파악해 보았다.
먼저 백제 반의 속성 분석을 통해 태토, 굽 유무, 심도가 시간적 특성을 보이는 속성임을 파악하고 이를조합하여 6개의 형식으로 분류하였다. 그리고 선후관계를 파악할 수 있는 자료를 검토하여 4단계를 설정하였다.Ⅰ단계는 반이 등장하는 단계로 무굽(원저·평저)의 조질 및 중질의 태토로 제작된 심도Ⅰ형의 반 가1 형식만 확인된다. Ⅱ단계는 가1 형식이 이어지면서 새로운 유굽(B형식)의 반과 심도 Ⅱ형의 가2와 나1 형식이등장한다. Ⅲ단계에는 가1 형식은 점차 소멸되고, 가2·나1 형식이 이어지면서 새로운 가3 형식이 등장한다.
가3 형식은 기존과 달리 정질의 태토를 사용하여 제작된 반이다. Ⅳ단계는 기존의 형식이 이어지면서 가4, 나2 형식이 새롭게 등장한다. 가4, 나2 형식의 태토는 매우 정선되었으며 물레성형을 통해 제작되었고, 심도가낮아진다.
이를 바탕으로 백제 반의 등장과 성격을 살펴본 결과 반은 백제 한성기부터 등장하였으며, 고구려 토기제작의 기술적인 면과 중국 문화에 일부 영향을 받았음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 백제 내에서 반은 일상생활 용기로서 보편적인 사용이 이루어졌다고 보기는 어려웠다.

영어초록

This paper presents the results of research in which Baekje plate data were collected, its properties analyzed, and typological changes over time were identified. In addition, the origin and appearance of Baekje plates were identified through comparisons with examples from neighboring countries, and the characteristics of plates within Baekje society were identified through an examination of the excavated context.
Firstly, an analysis of the properties of plates revealed that the base clay, presence of a foot, and plate depth were the properties demonstrating temporal characteristics. Based on this, the plates were classified into six types by combining the corresponding properties. In addition, by comparing sequence when possible (for both the plates and associated artifacts), four temporal stages were established.
Stage I was when the plate first appeared, and only the ‘Ga 1-type’, a footless plate (rounded-bottom and flat bottom) with a type I depth and made of fine-grained and coarsegrained base clay, was identified. In Stage II, plates of the ‘Ga 1-type’ made of coarsegrained and medium-grained base clay continued to be manufactured, as in Stage I. However, unlike Stage I, footed plates (B type) were newly identified, and plates with a type II depth (lower than the type I depth) were also manufactured. In Stage III the ‘Ga 1-type’ plate gradually disappeared, and as the ‘Ga 2-type’ and ‘Na 1-type’ plates continued to be used, a new ‘Ga 3-type’ appeared. The newly introduced ‘Ga 3-type’ at this time was a plate made using fine-grained base clay, unlike previous examples. In Stage IV, the existing ‘Ga 2-type’, ‘Ga 3-type’, and ‘Na 1-type’ continued to be used, and the new ‘Ga 4-type’ and ‘Na 2-type’ plates, which were different from the previous examples, appeared. Very carefully selected base clay was used for the ‘Ga 4-type’ and ‘Na 2-type’ plates, which were manufactured using the throwing technique, and the depth of the plates became shallower.
As a result of the examinination of the appearance and characteristics of Baekje plates, it was established that plates appeared from Baekje’s Hanseong period and were partially influenced by the technical aspects of Goguryeo pottery production and Chinese culture. In addition, plates were used as ritual equipment in Baekje, and it is unlikely that they were universally used as containers in everyday life.

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