월북시인 박산운 시 연구 - 시집 『내가 사는 나라』를 중심으로 (Research Regarding North Korean Poet “San Woon Park” -Book of poetry “The Country I Live in”)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 어문연구학회
· 수록지 정보 : 어문연구 / 85권 / 317 ~ 340페이지
· 저자명 : 이승이

초록

본고는 시집 『내가 사는 나라』를 중심으로 월북시인 박산운의 시세계를 살폈다. 총9부로 구성된 시집에는 1940년대〜1990년대 발표된 시작품 75편이 수록되어 있다. 본고는 이 가운데 1940년대‧1950년대‧1980년대 시를 중심으로 박산운을 둘러싼 전위시인‧월북시인‧북한시인의 키워드를 풀어 시세계를 이해하고자 하였다. 이를 통해 북한 시문학의 흐름 속에서 박산운이 어떻게 흡수되고 개성을 지켜나갔는지를 알 수 있었다.
첫째, ‘전위시인’은 해방기 신진시인의 탈식민주의적 기질로, 남의 나라가 되어 버린 조국 현실에서 새 나라 건설을 위한 박산운의 열망과 관계된다. 둘째, ‘월북시인’은 새 나라 건설의 열망으로 38선을 넘은 박산운의 능동적인 행위로부터 기인한다. 박산운에게 월북 행위는 ‘내가 가야할 길’로, 해방기 유이민의 ‘귀국’과 마찬가지로 새로운 고향을 찾아 떠난 ‘귀향’의 의미를 지닌다. 셋째, ‘북한시인’은 추방과 복권의 과정을 겪으면서 북한문단에 흡수되기 위한 의식적인 창작행위로, 박산운이 당과 수령이 요구하는 혁명적 시문학 창작에 힘쓴 것과 관련된다.
본 연구를 통해 박산운의 시세계를 수령 찬양문학과 통일문학으로 집약할 수 있었다. 박산운의 시세계는 수령 찬양문학을 통해 북한 시문학사의 흐름을 이해하는 중요한 지표로 활용될 가능성을 얻었다. 또 통일문학을 통해 시세계의 근원이 ‘어머니 나라’의 온전한 회복이었고, 일생을 통일시인으로 살았음을 알았다. 박산운 시세계는 시대적 현실과 개인적 현실이 맞물려 조국통일의 한길을 꾸준히 닦아온 피맺힌 탐구로 기억될 것이다.

영어초록

This article’s objective is to understand the poetic universe of San Woon Park (1921.7.1〜1997.7.21), who was a cancelled a ban defect poet to North Korea. San Woon Park made a major debut as new rising liberation period poet in 1946 with joint publication of “Avant-garde Poetry Collection”. He moved to North Korea in 1948 and established himself firmly in North Korean literature during times of purging and reinstating of North Korean governmental system. “The Country I Live in,” (1992), the main focus of this research, consists of nine parts with 75 poems in total which were published between 1940’s and 1990’s. This article explored main themes of poems by dividing into three different periods as 1940’s, 1950’s and 1980’s. Also, it confirmed periodic and personal realities related to main themes. Through this, I have attempted to understand the characteristics of San Woon Park’s poetic universe as avant-garde poet, defect poet to North Korean, North Korean poet, and reunification poet.
1940’s was a dark age at the end of Japanese colonization of Korea and confused period caused by liberation. Also, the formation of personal reality took place due to forced draft-studying abroad and returning to hometown-defecting to North Korea. Main themes of poems are lives of colonized people and destroyed hometown, happiness of liberation and despair, and aspiration for building a new country. 1950’s was characterized by Korean war and post-war reparation. It was the period of intersection of establishment of North Korean regime and personal reality due to exile-reinstatement and loss of hometown. Themes of poems included praising great leader, reality of post-war reparation, heroic struggle, and sense of losing hometown. 1980’s was the period of Jung Il Kim’s power succession as well as strengthening self-reliance theory of Kim’s dynasty, in which personal reality as a person who lost his hometown, living through pain of separation was intersected. Themes of poems characterized by praise of Jung Il Kim, strengthening of loyalty regarding hidden hero, pain of separation, longing for home, and reunification of both nations.
The understanding of San Woon Park’s poetic universe as it follows. First, his poetic universe serves as an important index in understanding the flow of North Korean poetic literature as it reflects North Korean literature policy in effect every decade. Second, his poems regarding reunification separate from other North Korean poetic literature due to its different interpretation of one’s motherland. Third, hidden meaning of his keywords, which include avant-garde poet, defect poet, and North Korean poet, can be integrated into reunification poet. Therefore, poems on reunification remain incomplete, but it could be concluded that San Woon Park’s poetic universe roots from restoration of “Motherland”.

참고자료

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