명령문과 상부사의 분포: still 과 already 를 중심으로 (Imperatives and the Distribution of Aspectual Adverbs: with Focus on still and already)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 사단법인 한국언어학회
· 수록지 정보 : 언어학 / 73호 / 157 ~ 176페이지
· 저자명 : 이영주

초록

This paper raises two questions regarding aspectual adverbs in imperatives.
One is why still is not available in imperatives, in contrast to (not) anymore.
Still and anymore share the presupposition that a certain state held before the reference time and assert respectively that the state holds or does not hold at the reference time. While anymore is available in negative imperatives as in Don’t smoke anymore!, still is not. If it were, *Still smoke! would mean Continue smoking! The other question is why already is unexpectedly available in imperatives as in Go already! (in informal American English), in contrast to still, although both adverbs require stative predicates or imperfective aspect.
The problem of still is explained as arising due to conflict between nature of imperatives and imperfective requirement of still. Imperatives refer to a situation yet to be realized, which will be at some future time. Therefore the situation does not have to hold until the situation time, while still cannot occur in such a context. The problem of already is solved by proposing that already in imperatives is not an aspectual adverb but a time adverb referring to an immediate future like right now. The implication of an imperative with already is that the proper time for carrying out the action has already passed, and the speaker is demanding that the action be performed right away.

영어초록

This paper raises two questions regarding aspectual adverbs in imperatives.
One is why still is not available in imperatives, in contrast to (not) anymore.
Still and anymore share the presupposition that a certain state held before the reference time and assert respectively that the state holds or does not hold at the reference time. While anymore is available in negative imperatives as in Don’t smoke anymore!, still is not. If it were, *Still smoke! would mean Continue smoking! The other question is why already is unexpectedly available in imperatives as in Go already! (in informal American English), in contrast to still, although both adverbs require stative predicates or imperfective aspect.
The problem of still is explained as arising due to conflict between nature of imperatives and imperfective requirement of still. Imperatives refer to a situation yet to be realized, which will be at some future time. Therefore the situation does not have to hold until the situation time, while still cannot occur in such a context. The problem of already is solved by proposing that already in imperatives is not an aspectual adverb but a time adverb referring to an immediate future like right now. The implication of an imperative with already is that the proper time for carrying out the action has already passed, and the speaker is demanding that the action be performed right away.

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