발해 연화문 와당의 문양 변화와 시기적 변천 (The Changes of the Design and Times of the Roof-end Tiles with Lotus Design of Balhae)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 백산학회
· 수록지 정보 : 백산학보 / 87호 / 165 ~ 201페이지
· 저자명 : 김희찬

초록

In this thesis I reviewed on the transition of the roof-end tiles with lotus design of Balhae through analyzing the changes of individual elements of design.
At first I classified the roof-end tiles with lotus design of Balhae into two types by the existence of beads. The typeⅠ which has beads and was the mainstream of the roof-end tiles with lotus design of Balhae can be sub-classified into 10 types: ⅠA(ⅠAa∼ⅠAe), ⅠB(ⅠBa∼ⅠBc), ⅠC(ⅠCa, ⅠCb). The type Ⅱ which has no beads and was non-mainstream can be sub-classified into 5 types: ⅡA(ⅡAa, ⅡAb), ⅡB, ⅡC, ⅡD.
From the beginning, the roof-end tiles of Balhae had a standard form. The standard type of the roof-end tiles with lotus design of Balhae is ⅠAa-1 type which has 6 lotus flowers+6 pyramidal interval designs+6 beads placed out of border line+lotus flower in thick-line. This standard type was changed into diverse types. In those types I chose four types like ⅠAc, ⅠB(ⅠBa, ⅠBb), ⅠCa, ⅡAa to discern the changes of times.
ⅠAc type was deviated from the standard form which has 6 lotus flowers and changed into roof-end tiles with 7 or 5 lotus flowers. While the roof-end tiles with 7 lotus flowers was disappeared from this time, the roof-end tiles with 5 lotus flowers became the mainstream of the typeⅡ.
Although ⅠB(ⅠBa, ⅠBb) type and ⅠCa followed the standard form of 6 lotus flowers and 6 beads, from these two types we can notice radical changes like a cross shape, full moon shape and atypical lotus flowers. From ⅠB(ⅠBa, ⅠBb) type and ⅠCa type, we can guess at the appearing time of the roof-end tiles. Because ⅠB(ⅠBa, ⅠBb) type which was discovered from Sangkyung-seong and ⅠCa from Seogo-seong were made at the time of entire repair of those places. And while ⅡAa type is classified as typeⅡ, ⅡAa type can be seen as the transitional form from the fact that ⅡAa type followed the manufacturing method of typeⅠ.
EspeciallyⅠAc type is worthy of notice. From the fact that it was excavated at Sangkyung-seong only and appeared as mainstream, it is natural that the typeⅠAc was made in the course of constructing Sangkyung-seong from the middle to the late of 8th century. Naturally ⅠAa-1 type which precedes to ⅠAc type must be made from the early to the middle of 8th century.
Accordingly ⅠB(ⅠBa, ⅠBb), ⅠCa, ⅡAa type which appeared after ⅠAc type were used after 9th century. And ⅡAa type which was used in the course of constructing Seogo-seong cannot be used after 10th century.

영어초록

In this thesis I reviewed on the transition of the roof-end tiles with lotus design of Balhae through analyzing the changes of individual elements of design.
At first I classified the roof-end tiles with lotus design of Balhae into two types by the existence of beads. The typeⅠ which has beads and was the mainstream of the roof-end tiles with lotus design of Balhae can be sub-classified into 10 types: ⅠA(ⅠAa∼ⅠAe), ⅠB(ⅠBa∼ⅠBc), ⅠC(ⅠCa, ⅠCb). The type Ⅱ which has no beads and was non-mainstream can be sub-classified into 5 types: ⅡA(ⅡAa, ⅡAb), ⅡB, ⅡC, ⅡD.
From the beginning, the roof-end tiles of Balhae had a standard form. The standard type of the roof-end tiles with lotus design of Balhae is ⅠAa-1 type which has 6 lotus flowers+6 pyramidal interval designs+6 beads placed out of border line+lotus flower in thick-line. This standard type was changed into diverse types. In those types I chose four types like ⅠAc, ⅠB(ⅠBa, ⅠBb), ⅠCa, ⅡAa to discern the changes of times.
ⅠAc type was deviated from the standard form which has 6 lotus flowers and changed into roof-end tiles with 7 or 5 lotus flowers. While the roof-end tiles with 7 lotus flowers was disappeared from this time, the roof-end tiles with 5 lotus flowers became the mainstream of the typeⅡ.
Although ⅠB(ⅠBa, ⅠBb) type and ⅠCa followed the standard form of 6 lotus flowers and 6 beads, from these two types we can notice radical changes like a cross shape, full moon shape and atypical lotus flowers. From ⅠB(ⅠBa, ⅠBb) type and ⅠCa type, we can guess at the appearing time of the roof-end tiles. Because ⅠB(ⅠBa, ⅠBb) type which was discovered from Sangkyung-seong and ⅠCa from Seogo-seong were made at the time of entire repair of those places. And while ⅡAa type is classified as typeⅡ, ⅡAa type can be seen as the transitional form from the fact that ⅡAa type followed the manufacturing method of typeⅠ.
EspeciallyⅠAc type is worthy of notice. From the fact that it was excavated at Sangkyung-seong only and appeared as mainstream, it is natural that the typeⅠAc was made in the course of constructing Sangkyung-seong from the middle to the late of 8th century. Naturally ⅠAa-1 type which precedes to ⅠAc type must be made from the early to the middle of 8th century.
Accordingly ⅠB(ⅠBa, ⅠBb), ⅠCa, ⅡAa type which appeared after ⅠAc type were used after 9th century. And ⅡAa type which was used in the course of constructing Seogo-seong cannot be used after 10th century.

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