大加耶의 성장과 龍鳳紋大刀文化 (The growth of Great Kaya seen through Sword with a dragon and phoenix motif ring pommel)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 신라사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 신라사학보 / 18호 / 319 ~ 353페이지
· 저자명 : 이한상

초록

대가야 龍鳳紋大刀의 기원은 백제에서 찾을 수 있다. 고령 지산동I-3호분이나 합천 옥전35호분 출토품처럼 백제의 용봉문대도와 圖案이나 제작기법이 매우 비슷한 사례가 존재하기 때문이다.
대가야적인 용봉문대도가 본격적으로 제작된 시기는 5세기 후반 무렵이며 합천 옥전M3호분 출토품에서 전형을 볼 수 있다. 옥전M3호분 대도 가운데는 環頭 내에 용과 봉황의 머리가 표현된 것, 둥근 고리를 만들 때 파이프처럼 속이 비도록 만들거나 素地金屬의 표면에 문양을 1차로 조각한 다음 그 위에 금판을 덧씌워 문양을 드러낸 것이 있는데, 이러한 기법은 대가야적인 것이다.
대가야의 용봉문대도는 대가야사회의 지배층 사이에서 선호된 일종의 威勢品이었으며 대가야왕은 통치행위에 이러한 대도를 적극적으로 활용하였다. 신라권에 속한 경주와 창녕에는 용봉문대도 완제품이 전해졌고 倭로는 제작기술이 전파되었다. 그 배경은 479년 대가야왕의 중국 南齊 遣使에서 볼 수 있듯이 5세기 중후반 무렵 대가야의 성장이 본격화된 점에서 찾을 수 있다.

영어초록

This article is traced growth process of Great Kaya based on the result after analyzing mechanics of Sword with a dragon and phoenix motif in ring pommel.
The origin of Great Kaya Sword with a dragon and phoenix motif in ring pommel can be found in Baekje. Like excavated article of Goroung Jisandong tomb No.I-3 or Hapcheon Okjeon tomb No.35 there are extremely similar example in design or mechanics with Baekje Sword with a dragon and phoenix motif in ring pommel. Particularly Sword of Okjeon tomb No.35 is able to be assumed as finished goods imported or manufactured products by technique guide of Baekje craftsman, as it is envisioned with premium technique power compared with Cheonan Yongwonli tomb No.12 Sukwakmyo or Gongju Suchonli tomb No.1 unearthed article.
Looking at standard of design or mechanics of a dragon and phoenix motif, the period to manufacture ‘Great Kaya Sword’ in earnest was around the third quarter (451~475 year) of the 5 century and paragon could be seen in Hapcheon Okjeon tomb No.3. Among Hapcheon Okjeon tomb No.3 swords, the design of crossing heads of a dragon and a phoenix inside ring pommel is expressed, which cannot be designated as a specialty of Great Kaya Sword because such a design is not yet confirmed in Baekje remains. Additionally, while making ring pommel, the techniques that make it empty inside like a pipe or carves pattern on the surface of background metal in a primary way and then galvanize gold sheets to show the pattern outstanding is utilized which could be also seen as distinct feature of Great Kaya.
With these distinct features, Sword with a dragon and phoenix motif in ring pommel was utilized as prestige goods with which Great Kaya dominating class shared and its finished products were spread to Gyoungju, Changnyeong area belonging to Shilla area and manufacturing technology was spread through Japanese path whose had maintained politically closed relations. As seen in dispatching an envoy to Southern Qi(南齊), China from Great Kaya King in 479 year, the background of exchange hit the stride in the growth of Great Kaya in around the middle and latter part of the 5 century. Only compared to Baekje or Shilla at the same period, the tie development of loyal family and vassals through sharing metal crafts was comparatively weak, which could be understood in a criterion to show the level of then Great Kaya royal authority.

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