천안문사태 이후 중국 발전주의 담론의 목표와 指向 (The Aim and Direction of Chinese Developmental Discourse after Tiananmen Square protests of 1989)

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· 발행기관 : 중국근현대사학회
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· 저자명 : 박정현

초록

This paper examines changes in China's developmental discourse after Tiananmen Square protests of 1989. It also explains the changes of Chinese national goals and directions reflected in their developmental discourse.
After the collapse of socialist states and the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the Chinese Communist Party's sense of crisis reached its peak between late 1991 and early 1992. Distrust and crisis in socialism and the aftermath of the Tiananmen Square protests raised the sense of crisis for Chinese socialism within China. After the Tiananmen Square protests, China controlled the pace of the reform and opening policy and strengthened ideological education. China emphasized socialist reforms that distinguished it from capitalism and, at the same time, strengthened the socialist economic system by emphasizing the superiority of socialism.
Deng Xiaoping's Inspection Tour to the South in January 1992 turned China’s way of thinking in which he tried to overcome the crisis of socialism by actively accepting the discourse of capitalist development. After the Inspection Tour to the South, China again actively embraced the capitalist market economy and changed to achieve the status of advanced country through capitalist reform.
The developmental discourse in China made China's underdeveloped state an issue. As a result, all standards of the economy set for the level of the developed country. Stressing the need to escape from underdevelopment, China's developmentalism made it easier to mobilize people by raising tensions toward its targets while creating the sense of crisis among people. In order to solve the problem of underdevelopment and maximize national mobilization, China's developmentalism advocated Sinocentrism and emphasized that the Chinese were a powerful people.
Furthermore, China tried to tie the people to developmental discourse by presenting the people a hope for the future when China would make a leap to a hegemonic power that surpasses a developing country. It cannot be denied that developmentalism contributed to the rapid material improvement of Chinese society. However, polarization caused by material development has increased China's social stress. Attempts to become the world's number one nation based on economic growth have increased tension not only within China but also internationally. Developmentalism, in contrast to material abundance, aggravated the division and anxiety of Chinese society.
While pursuing the statuses of a developedcountry and the world's first country, the Chinese government failed to persuade its people with national aims or achievements other than economic growth. Thus, as China moves away from a world view that puts all values on growth and development, the concerns of neighboring countries about China's pursuit of hegemony may be resolved.

영어초록

This paper examines changes in China's developmental discourse after Tiananmen Square protests of 1989. It also explains the changes of Chinese national goals and directions reflected in their developmental discourse.
After the collapse of socialist states and the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the Chinese Communist Party's sense of crisis reached its peak between late 1991 and early 1992. Distrust and crisis in socialism and the aftermath of the Tiananmen Square protests raised the sense of crisis for Chinese socialism within China. After the Tiananmen Square protests, China controlled the pace of the reform and opening policy and strengthened ideological education. China emphasized socialist reforms that distinguished it from capitalism and, at the same time, strengthened the socialist economic system by emphasizing the superiority of socialism.
Deng Xiaoping's Inspection Tour to the South in January 1992 turned China’s way of thinking in which he tried to overcome the crisis of socialism by actively accepting the discourse of capitalist development. After the Inspection Tour to the South, China again actively embraced the capitalist market economy and changed to achieve the status of advanced country through capitalist reform.
The developmental discourse in China made China's underdeveloped state an issue. As a result, all standards of the economy set for the level of the developed country. Stressing the need to escape from underdevelopment, China's developmentalism made it easier to mobilize people by raising tensions toward its targets while creating the sense of crisis among people. In order to solve the problem of underdevelopment and maximize national mobilization, China's developmentalism advocated Sinocentrism and emphasized that the Chinese were a powerful people.
Furthermore, China tried to tie the people to developmental discourse by presenting the people a hope for the future when China would make a leap to a hegemonic power that surpasses a developing country. It cannot be denied that developmentalism contributed to the rapid material improvement of Chinese society. However, polarization caused by material development has increased China's social stress. Attempts to become the world's number one nation based on economic growth have increased tension not only within China but also internationally. Developmentalism, in contrast to material abundance, aggravated the division and anxiety of Chinese society.
While pursuing the statuses of a developedcountry and the world's first country, the Chinese government failed to persuade its people with national aims or achievements other than economic growth. Thus, as China moves away from a world view that puts all values on growth and development, the concerns of neighboring countries about China's pursuit of hegemony may be resolved.

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