東亞細亞 橫穴式墓制 展開와 武寧王陵 (King Muryeong's Tomb and Corridor-Style Chamber Tombs in East Asia)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 국립공주대학교 백제문화연구소
· 수록지 정보 : 백제문화 / 1권 / 46호 / 321 ~ 342페이지
· 저자명 : 이남석

초록

백제 25대 무령왕릉의 고고학적 특징은 축조재료로 벽돌을 사용하였다는 점에 있으면서 묘제적으로 횡혈식의 구조를 갖추고 있다는 점이다. 그리고 횡혈식 묘제는 중국의 전한 중반기에 비롯된 묘제이고 이후 동아시아의 보편적 묘제로 활용된 것이다. 한반도의 경우 2세기 무렵에 전축분의 형태로 그 흔적을 드러내면서 塼·石 混築墓로의 변화가 있고 그러한 묘제의 남하로 백제의 경우 4세기 후반경에 횡혈식 석실묘로 등장하여 5세기대에 이르면 도읍지의 중심묘제로 자리한다. 이 묘제는 웅진천도 즈음에 백제묘제의 중심으로 정착되기에 이른다. 무령왕릉을 비롯한 백제의 전축분은 횡혈식 석실묘가 성행한 환경에서 유입된 것이다. 이 묘제가 무리없이 수용된 배경은 기왕에 백제에 유입되어 사용되었던 횡혈식 석실묘와 묘제적으로 공통성이 있었기 때문이다. 더불어 무령왕릉을 비롯한 백제 전축분의 등장에 즈음하여 나타난 이후의 백제 석실묘제의 변화는 웅진천도 후에 이룩된 왕권의 성장을 기반으로 백제의 선진문화에 대한 욕구와 선진문화 수용후의 자체적 소화력의 단면도 보여준다.

영어초록

King Muryeong’s tomb is a Junchukbun(a tomb built with bricks), type of the Baekje's burial that existed in a certain area during a certain period. Junchukbun tomb like King Muryeong's Tomb is not a traditional style of entombment, but a newly imported one from China, after Baekje relocated its capital to WungJin and stabilized their political chaos. Although Junchukbun is totally different from Baekje's traditional burial types, it symbolically shows the political and social circumstances by the time Baekje relocated its capital to Wungjin. Thus, the tomb's archaeological value could be reappraised in this point of view.
As a burial type of Baekje, Junchukbun usually has a structure called a Corridor-Style Chamber. Originally, this type of tomb appeared in the middle of Former Han Dynasty era when people had a tradition of burying corpses in the same corridor. Yet, in accordance with the social transition, these tombs developed into a burial type, and soon dominated the burial culture in East Asia. Additionally, Corridor-Style Chamber in Korea has its origin in this burial type, as the Chinese Corridor-Style Chamber was imported into the Northeast region first and with gradual changes, spread to other areas. Baekje's Corridor-Style Chamber assumingly started as a stone chamber tomb around the capital city, followed by Baekje's expedition to the Northeast region in the fourth century.
The stone chamber tombs with the Corridor-Style in the capital area spread to other areas because of the local society's admiration for culture of the capital. At least around the late fifth to the early sixth century, this type dominated the entombment culture in Baekje society. The early stone chamber tombs with Corridor-Style exhibit characteristics of traditional tombs without unity. As time went by, they started to show groining or arcform structures. During this process, a new burial type such as tunnel type appeared for the first time, and Chinese Junchukbun like King Muryeong’s tomb was accepted, a phenomenon which later served as a momentum for creation of Flat-Ceiling Style.
It is clear that Baekje’s Junchukbun is a product of the cultural exchange with China, and that it developed into a burial type under a special circumstance of social change in the early sixth century. Overall, this burial type indicates Baekje's unique social situation, since it shows dynamic exchanges with China and their effect on Baekje’s culture, especially the burial culture, which tends to firmly preserve traditional and local characteristics. Additionally, although this newly developed burial type is from China, Baekje's burial type should be understood from an East Asian perspective. Furthermore, the appearance of Junchukbun illustrates Baekje's active acceptance of foreign culture while its fast domination of Baekje'e entombment culture shows its ability to adapt to a new culture.

참고자료

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