리다자오(李大釗)와 無政府主義 思想 (Li Da-zhao and Anarchism)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 중국사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 중국사연구 / 119호 / 146 ~ 182페이지
· 저자명 : 김형열

초록

리다자오는 크로포트킨, 톨스토이 저작에 사상적으로 감화되었고, 일본 유학 시기부터 온양된 무정부주의 사상의 영향은 그의 조화사상으로 표현되었으며 ‘호조론’과 ‘조화론’은 마르크스주의의 물질적 요소를 보완하는 비물질적 요소의 이론적 바탕이 되었다. 또한 러시아 혁명을 계기로 접하게 된 인민주의의 사상은 도시와 노동자 중심의 마르크스-레닌주의 혁명 전략을 농촌과 농민 중심의 혁명 전략으로 전환시킨 중국식 마르크스주의의 전개의 실천 이론이 되기도 하였다. 이처럼 리다자오의 초기사상은 마르크스주의를 받아들이기 전까지의 미성숙한 자산계급 사상이었다기보다는 마르크스주의를 포함한 여러 사상을 해석하고 받아들이는 데 있어 적극적인 역할을 수행한 사상적 토대였다.

영어초록

The characteristics seen in Li Da-zhao's reinterpretation of Bolshevism and Marxism through his early ideas like "mutual aid theory" and "harmonism“ are as follows.
First, on the Russian Revolution and Bolshevism, Li Da-zhao emphasized its humanitarian nature. He saw the Russian revolution as a universal and humanitarian world trend that heralds the creation of new civilization of the world, and thought that the victory of Bolshevism was a victory for the new spirit of the common determination in the minds of mankind in the 20th century. Secondly, He looked at the world and the people on the basis of the mutual aid theory. He regarded the victory of the Allied Powers in World War I as a victory for democracy and the common people, who fostered equality and freedom based on the spirit of the mutual aid. Finally, in accepting Marxism, he criticized relying only on class-struggling economic phenomena and material fluctuations and called for "material and emotional modification” and “renovation of the unity of body and soul". In this “material and emotion” and “body and soul” means each side of “material and spirit”, so the concept of "harmony and unity of two confrontational sides" that has been steadily inherited from his thought of “Youth Cosmos” and "harmony theory" ideas was once again revealed. By introducing this harmony of "material" and "spirit" into Marxism, Li Da-zhao saw the economic organization and class competition as "material" elements and saw the humanitarianism and mutual aid principle as "spiritual" elements. So he argued to reform the human spirit by humanitarianism and to renovate economic organization by socialism, and also insisted that the last class competition should be used as means to renovate social organization and the principle of mutual aid should be used as a creed to reform the human spirit. The combination of 'material' and 'spirit' that he claimed meant a harmony between materialism and spiritualism, and the extinction of spiritualism included in Li Da-zhao’s early ideas could have been the touchstone for Marxist acceptance.

참고자료

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