백제 무왕대 불교계의 동향과 미륵사 (The Buddhist Community and Mireuksa Temple under the Reign of King Mu in the Baekje Kingdom)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 고려사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 韓國史學報 / 37호 / 7 ~ 31페이지
· 저자명 : 김상현

초록

This study examines issues concerning the Buddhist community and the establishment of Mireuksa Temple under the reign of King Mu in the Baekje Kingdom.
Master Hyehyeon taught Sam-lon(三論 Madhyamika) and recited the Sutra of the Lotus in King Mu's era. Master Gwalleuk, who had a profound knowledge of Sam-lon, went to Japan in the 3rd year of King Mu and became the first Seungjeong(僧正 a leading priest of a Buddhists group) of Japan. These facts show that there were Buddhist priests who had knowledge of Cheontae(天台) and Sam-lon studies in the Buddhist community of Baekje Kingdom in the Reign of King Mu. The King was deeply religious and he frequently took a ship to Wangheungsa Temple to light incense. Jeseoksa Temple in Iksan must have been established in the King Mu’s era. In the 40th year of King Mu(639 A.D.), there was a fire in Jeseoksa Temple and the temple burnt down. So the King ordered another temple built to enshrine sariras(Buddha's bones) which had been preserved in a foundation stone of a pagoda of Jeseoksa Temple. The five-storied pagoda in Wanggung-ri is likely to be the pagoda in the temple which was built at this time. A recent archeological discovery has proven that there were sariras in the pagoda at the temple site of Neungsan-ri, which was built in the era of King Wideok, and the pagoda of Wangheungsa Temple. This is a specific example of a sarira belief in the Baekje Kingdom.
The 1st year of Insu(601 A.D.), the three kingdoms in Korean peninsula requested Sui Dynasty to send sariras to them. It was the 2nd year of King Mu of Baekje Kingdom. There are examples which show that the King and court people sincerely worshipped a sarira. In the 40th year of King Mu, Jeseoksa Temple burnt down and the sariras which had been preserved in the crystal reliquary at the temple disappeared. So the King invited a Buddhist priest and expressed his sorrow and sense of guilt for the accident. After the priest performed a ceremony of repentance, they re-opened the reliquary and found the 6 missing sariras had re-appeared. Witnessing this religious miracle deepened their sarira belief. Recently, a reliquary was excavated from the southern pagoda of Mireuksa Temple and the record from the reliquary states that it was enshrined in the pagoda in 639 A.D, the 29th day of the 1st month of the lunar calendar of the 40th year of King Mu of Baekje Kingdom. The main body responsible for the preservation of sacred sariras was the royal family of the Kingdom. The royal family had enshrined sariras in Wangheungsa Temple, Jeseoksa Temple and Mireuksa Temple. This is a good example which demonstrates that the royal family had used the sacredness of a sarira as a political symbol to enhance their authority.
According to the legend of the establishment of Mirueksa Temple in Samgukyusa, the Princess Seonhwa made a prayer to establish the temple and she became the Queen of Baekje Kingdom. But the record from the reliquary tells that it was the Queen Sataek who made a prayer to establish the temple and she was the Queen of Baekje Kingdom. There are theories concerning the fact that the reliquary was excavated from the southern pagoda which assert that the Queen Sataek had only established the southern part of the temple. But it is more reasonable to see the whole temple was established by the Queen Sataek.

영어초록

This study examines issues concerning the Buddhist community and the establishment of Mireuksa Temple under the reign of King Mu in the Baekje Kingdom.
Master Hyehyeon taught Sam-lon(三論 Madhyamika) and recited the Sutra of the Lotus in King Mu's era. Master Gwalleuk, who had a profound knowledge of Sam-lon, went to Japan in the 3rd year of King Mu and became the first Seungjeong(僧正 a leading priest of a Buddhists group) of Japan. These facts show that there were Buddhist priests who had knowledge of Cheontae(天台) and Sam-lon studies in the Buddhist community of Baekje Kingdom in the Reign of King Mu. The King was deeply religious and he frequently took a ship to Wangheungsa Temple to light incense. Jeseoksa Temple in Iksan must have been established in the King Mu’s era. In the 40th year of King Mu(639 A.D.), there was a fire in Jeseoksa Temple and the temple burnt down. So the King ordered another temple built to enshrine sariras(Buddha's bones) which had been preserved in a foundation stone of a pagoda of Jeseoksa Temple. The five-storied pagoda in Wanggung-ri is likely to be the pagoda in the temple which was built at this time. A recent archeological discovery has proven that there were sariras in the pagoda at the temple site of Neungsan-ri, which was built in the era of King Wideok, and the pagoda of Wangheungsa Temple. This is a specific example of a sarira belief in the Baekje Kingdom.
The 1st year of Insu(601 A.D.), the three kingdoms in Korean peninsula requested Sui Dynasty to send sariras to them. It was the 2nd year of King Mu of Baekje Kingdom. There are examples which show that the King and court people sincerely worshipped a sarira. In the 40th year of King Mu, Jeseoksa Temple burnt down and the sariras which had been preserved in the crystal reliquary at the temple disappeared. So the King invited a Buddhist priest and expressed his sorrow and sense of guilt for the accident. After the priest performed a ceremony of repentance, they re-opened the reliquary and found the 6 missing sariras had re-appeared. Witnessing this religious miracle deepened their sarira belief. Recently, a reliquary was excavated from the southern pagoda of Mireuksa Temple and the record from the reliquary states that it was enshrined in the pagoda in 639 A.D, the 29th day of the 1st month of the lunar calendar of the 40th year of King Mu of Baekje Kingdom. The main body responsible for the preservation of sacred sariras was the royal family of the Kingdom. The royal family had enshrined sariras in Wangheungsa Temple, Jeseoksa Temple and Mireuksa Temple. This is a good example which demonstrates that the royal family had used the sacredness of a sarira as a political symbol to enhance their authority.
According to the legend of the establishment of Mirueksa Temple in Samgukyusa, the Princess Seonhwa made a prayer to establish the temple and she became the Queen of Baekje Kingdom. But the record from the reliquary tells that it was the Queen Sataek who made a prayer to establish the temple and she was the Queen of Baekje Kingdom. There are theories concerning the fact that the reliquary was excavated from the southern pagoda which assert that the Queen Sataek had only established the southern part of the temple. But it is more reasonable to see the whole temple was established by the Queen Sataek.

참고자료

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