武則天 時期 吐谷渾 遺民의 내부와 안치 (The Refuge and Migration of Tuyuhun's Refugees in Wu Zetian period)

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초록

Tuyuhun was founded by Xianbei(鮮卑) in the middle of the 4th century by moving to the current area of south of Gansu(甘肅) and Qinghai(靑海). They prospered through transit trade. Tibet's attack destroyed the Tuyuhun state in the third year of Longshuo period(663). Tuyuhun-Kehan(吐谷渾 可汗) Murong Nuohebo(慕容諾曷鉢) and the princess of the Tang Dynasty Honghua(弘化公主) led thousands-tribes Tuyuhun population to be evacuated to Tang Liangzhou. Tuyuhun's refugees then evacuated to the nearby area of Tang Dynasty to avoid the Tibet attack.
Tang Dynasty made Tuyuhun's refugees(吐谷渾 遺民) migrate to his territory depending on the situations. During the period of Shengli(聖曆, 698∼700),because of the purge of the Prime Minister Lun Qinling(論欽陵) in Tibet, a large number of Tuyuhun's refugees under the rule of Tibet were evacuated to Tang Dynasty. At April the second year of Shengli period(699), Lun Gongren(論弓仁), son of lunqinling took 7,000-tribes Tuyuhun population and took refuge in Tang Dynasty. In July of that year, the 1400-tribes Tuyuhan population again took refuge in Tang Dynasty. After than, many Tuyuhun's refugees have been evacuated to Liangzhou(涼州), Ganzhou(甘州), Suzhou(肅州), Guazhou(瓜州) and Shazhou(沙州) et al. The documents unearthed from tomb 225, Astana, Turpan says that 100,000 people under Tuyuhun-Kehan, who were under the control of Tibet before February 701, will flee to Tang Dynasty. These two records are identical in terms of location and time of evacuation.
Thus, the Tang government discussed where and how to migrate them. The migration plan claimed by Guo Yuanzhen(郭元振) is as follows. First, it should be moved in consideration of the betrayal of Tuyuhun's refugees. Second, they should be moved to the frontiers of Liangzhou, Ganzhou, Suzhou, Guazhou, and Shazhou, not Central Plains. Third, the refugees should be dispersed and relocated instead of being in one place. Fourth, control them by selecting each intelligent government official in the area. Furthermore, the government should send special envoy, who knows situation in other ethernet groups and calculation of benefit well. Tang Dynasty moved and controlled Tuyuhun's refugees, which had been evacuated through the traditional “Jimi(羈縻)” method. This was to prevent Tuyuhun's refugees from betraying and leaving Tang Dynasty.

영어초록

Tuyuhun was founded by Xianbei(鮮卑) in the middle of the 4th century by moving to the current area of south of Gansu(甘肅) and Qinghai(靑海). They prospered through transit trade. Tibet's attack destroyed the Tuyuhun state in the third year of Longshuo period(663). Tuyuhun-Kehan(吐谷渾 可汗) Murong Nuohebo(慕容諾曷鉢) and the princess of the Tang Dynasty Honghua(弘化公主) led thousands-tribes Tuyuhun population to be evacuated to Tang Liangzhou. Tuyuhun's refugees then evacuated to the nearby area of Tang Dynasty to avoid the Tibet attack.
Tang Dynasty made Tuyuhun's refugees(吐谷渾 遺民) migrate to his territory depending on the situations. During the period of Shengli(聖曆, 698∼700),because of the purge of the Prime Minister Lun Qinling(論欽陵) in Tibet, a large number of Tuyuhun's refugees under the rule of Tibet were evacuated to Tang Dynasty. At April the second year of Shengli period(699), Lun Gongren(論弓仁), son of lunqinling took 7,000-tribes Tuyuhun population and took refuge in Tang Dynasty. In July of that year, the 1400-tribes Tuyuhan population again took refuge in Tang Dynasty. After than, many Tuyuhun's refugees have been evacuated to Liangzhou(涼州), Ganzhou(甘州), Suzhou(肅州), Guazhou(瓜州) and Shazhou(沙州) et al. The documents unearthed from tomb 225, Astana, Turpan says that 100,000 people under Tuyuhun-Kehan, who were under the control of Tibet before February 701, will flee to Tang Dynasty. These two records are identical in terms of location and time of evacuation.
Thus, the Tang government discussed where and how to migrate them. The migration plan claimed by Guo Yuanzhen(郭元振) is as follows. First, it should be moved in consideration of the betrayal of Tuyuhun's refugees. Second, they should be moved to the frontiers of Liangzhou, Ganzhou, Suzhou, Guazhou, and Shazhou, not Central Plains. Third, the refugees should be dispersed and relocated instead of being in one place. Fourth, control them by selecting each intelligent government official in the area. Furthermore, the government should send special envoy, who knows situation in other ethernet groups and calculation of benefit well. Tang Dynasty moved and controlled Tuyuhun's refugees, which had been evacuated through the traditional “Jimi(羈縻)” method. This was to prevent Tuyuhun's refugees from betraying and leaving Tang Dynasty.

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