조선시대 喪葬 공예품의 의미와 구성: 서울`경기 지역 民墓 埋納品을 중심으로 (Meaning and Organization of Burial Craftworks in the Joseon Dynasty: Based on the Burial Goods from Civilian Tombs in Seoul and Gyeonggi Area)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 미술사연구회
· 수록지 정보 : 미술사연구 / 24호 / 109 ~ 136페이지
· 저자명 : 장남원

초록

This paper is to figure out the meaning and characteristics of the funerary craftworks in the Joseon Dynasty by observing various burial objects that were found in the tombs in Seoul and Gyeonggi area. Reports issued until 2008, about the degree of concentration and organization of burial goods from the tombs of the Joseon Dynasty (1391-1910), the materials used such as pottery, metal, glass, gems, and pebbles, etc.
have been analyzed according to the study on burial type, burial location, types and quantity of burial goods.
According to records in the Joseon Dynasty, the objects actually used or usable were named as‘Container (用器)’and the containers to be used by the deceased spirits were‘Burial container (明器)’, showing difference in terms and concepts. Variety of craftworks in various materials including pottery, metal, glass, and jade, etc. were used.
Function and usage of containers were different in accordance to materials: porcelain was used for daily-use containers, pottery was used for storage or cooking, and metal was used for bowls and spoon.
However, the percentage of Burial container was far less than burial goods from general-use age, and thereby it seemed to be restricted to a certain class. Although willingness of royal families or noblemen to keep Burial container in line with new Confucian rituals was strong, traditional burial custom had been maintained among commoners since Goryeo Dynasty (918-1391).
Since the 17th century, there was a tendency to reduce Burial goods by royal families, and such tendency affected the commoners tomb as well. Especially, the tendency of the diminution of burial goods in the tombs of noblemen and bureaucrats is due to the decreased scale of tombs owing to a lack of limestones which composed the inner and outer coffins. Instead of following rich rituals, tombs became a place to put emphasis on the decorations and formalities for the appearance of the graveyard,resulting the increase in stone monuments such as epitaph, stone seal, Dongja (童子:Boy attendant), Honyuseok (魂遊石: Stone platform for the deceased spirit), Hyangroseok (香爐石: Stone Lantern), etc. It is deemed that the life time achievements of the buried person came to be emphasized in accordance with the development of the ritual system,and consequently the focus on symbolic objects became more important.
Based on the increased percentage of pottery among the materials used for funerary craftworks in the civilian tombs of Seoul and Gyeonggi area, those dating from the 15th-17th century reached its height. This probably coincided with the time when Gukjooryeui (國朝五禮儀) and Jujagarye (朱子家禮: Family Rites of Zhu Xi) were completed in the late 15th century. This publication was distributed widely, and gradually exerted a great influence over ordinary people. Seoul and Gyeonggi area is adjacent to ancient Hanyang City where official kilns and potters producing the best quality pottery were centered, and thus have affected the increase in pottery as a burial goods in the area.

영어초록

This paper is to figure out the meaning and characteristics of the funerary craftworks in the Joseon Dynasty by observing various burial objects that were found in the tombs in Seoul and Gyeonggi area. Reports issued until 2008, about the degree of concentration and organization of burial goods from the tombs of the Joseon Dynasty (1391-1910), the materials used such as pottery, metal, glass, gems, and pebbles, etc.
have been analyzed according to the study on burial type, burial location, types and quantity of burial goods.
According to records in the Joseon Dynasty, the objects actually used or usable were named as‘Container (用器)’and the containers to be used by the deceased spirits were‘Burial container (明器)’, showing difference in terms and concepts. Variety of craftworks in various materials including pottery, metal, glass, and jade, etc. were used.
Function and usage of containers were different in accordance to materials: porcelain was used for daily-use containers, pottery was used for storage or cooking, and metal was used for bowls and spoon.
However, the percentage of Burial container was far less than burial goods from general-use age, and thereby it seemed to be restricted to a certain class. Although willingness of royal families or noblemen to keep Burial container in line with new Confucian rituals was strong, traditional burial custom had been maintained among commoners since Goryeo Dynasty (918-1391).
Since the 17th century, there was a tendency to reduce Burial goods by royal families, and such tendency affected the commoners tomb as well. Especially, the tendency of the diminution of burial goods in the tombs of noblemen and bureaucrats is due to the decreased scale of tombs owing to a lack of limestones which composed the inner and outer coffins. Instead of following rich rituals, tombs became a place to put emphasis on the decorations and formalities for the appearance of the graveyard,resulting the increase in stone monuments such as epitaph, stone seal, Dongja (童子:Boy attendant), Honyuseok (魂遊石: Stone platform for the deceased spirit), Hyangroseok (香爐石: Stone Lantern), etc. It is deemed that the life time achievements of the buried person came to be emphasized in accordance with the development of the ritual system,and consequently the focus on symbolic objects became more important.
Based on the increased percentage of pottery among the materials used for funerary craftworks in the civilian tombs of Seoul and Gyeonggi area, those dating from the 15th-17th century reached its height. This probably coincided with the time when Gukjooryeui (國朝五禮儀) and Jujagarye (朱子家禮: Family Rites of Zhu Xi) were completed in the late 15th century. This publication was distributed widely, and gradually exerted a great influence over ordinary people. Seoul and Gyeonggi area is adjacent to ancient Hanyang City where official kilns and potters producing the best quality pottery were centered, and thus have affected the increase in pottery as a burial goods in the area.

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