郭店楚墓竹簡 雙聲兼疊韻通假字 考察 (Study On the Same-initial & the Reiterative-final phonetic loan character of "The Bamboo Slips in the Chu Grave Found in Guo Dian Area")

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 온지학회
· 수록지 정보 : 온지논총 / 18호 / 429 ~ 460페이지
· 저자명 : 김영

초록

『郭店楚墓竹簡』은 戰國時期의 초나라 귀족묘장 군락지에서 1993년에 발굴한 초나라 죽간을 말한다. 1998년 5월 荊州市 박물관은 『郭店楚墓竹簡』이란 책을 편찬하여 발표하였는데 이 책에는 「老子甲」, 「老子乙」, 「老子丙」, 「太一生水」,「緇衣」 등 선진시대기의 문헌 18편을 포함하고 있다. 『郭店楚墓竹簡』은 지금으로부터 2천여 년 전의 문자들이므로 지금 한자의 형태와는 다르다. 따라서 글자의 형태에 따라 문자를 考釋하고 다시 음과 의미를 고려하여, 원래 있는 글자를 문맥에 맞는 한자로 바꿔 씀으로써 문장의 의미를 알 수 있게 되었는데 이러한 현상을 글자의 “通假”라고 한다. 通假字는 음운관계에 따라 雙聲兼疊韻通假字, 疊韻通假字, 疊韻通假字, 聲韻相近通假字로 나눌 수 있는데 본문에서는 通假字와 被通假字의 聲母와 韻部가 모두 같은 雙聲兼疊韻通假字를 연구대상으로 삼았다.
본문에서는 雙聲兼疊韻通假字들을 聲母에 따라 舌面前音, 舌尖音, 舌葉音, 舌根音, 舌面音, 喉音으로 나누어 “止 - 之”, “羕 - 養”, “與 - 豫”, “聖 - 聲”, “游 - 由” 등 20조의 通假字와 被通假字들을 『說文解字今釋』과 『金文常用字典』, 『漢字古今音表』 등을 참고하여 形, 音, 意에 대한 심도 있는 분석을 진행하였다. 雙聲兼疊韻通假字에 대한 고찰을 통하여 『郭店楚墓竹簡』의 雙聲疊韻通假字들은 의미적 요소의 영향보다는 형태적 요소의 영향을 많이 받았음을 알 수 있다. 첫째, 음이 같을 경우는 本字의 형태와 비슷한 성분이 있는 글자를 通假하였다. 즉 形聲字인 경우는 聲部를 공통적으로 포함한 글자를 通假하여 쓰고, 會意字인 경우는 글자의 구성요소 중에 같은 意符를 포함한 경우이다. 둘째, 의미에 있어서는 通假의 특성상 本字가 있으면서도 다른 글자를 빌려 의미를 나타내므로 本字의 의미와의 상관관계는 별로 중요하게 여기지 않고 音이 같으면 通假하였다.

영어초록

"The Bamboo Slips in the Chu Grave Found in Guo Dian Area" means the bamboo slips which were discovered at the grave of nobility of Chu Dynasty in 1993. The Jingzhou City Museum published the book of "The Bamboo Slips in the Chu Grave Found in Guo Dian Area", it contains eighteen volumes of literatures of the age of pre-Qin, 'Lao-tzu jia', 'Lao-tzu yi', 'Lao-tzu bing', 'Tai Yi Sheng Shui', 'The Black Silky Cloth' etc.
"The Bamboo Slips in the Chu Grave Found in Guo Dian Area" are letters of two thousand years ago, their shapes are different from shapes of current Chinese letters. To understand the contents of the bamboo slips letters, basing on shapes of letters, translate them and consider meaning, and then replace them by new current Chinese letters. New current Chinese letters corresponding to translated letters are called "phonetic loan character".
According to phoneme, phonetic loan character is classified into four parts; the same-initial and the reiterative-final phonetic loan character, the same-initial phonetic loan character, the reiterative-final phonetic loan character, and the similar-phonological phonetic loan character. This thesis is about a study for the same-initial and the reiterative-final phonetic loan character that first consonants and final vowels of phonetic loan character and of original letter are same.
In second chapter of this thesis, to analyze shape∙sound∙meaning of about twenty pairs of phonetic loan character and original letter, 'ji(止)-ji(之)', 'yang(羕)-yang(養)', 'yeo(與)-ye(豫)', 'seong(聖)-seong(聲)', 'yu(游)-yu(由)' etc, first, according to first consonants, classified the same-initial and the reiterative-final phonetic loan character into six parts; a dorsal sound, a apical sound, a luminal sound, a velar sound, a guttural sound. And then refered to the books; "Sulmunhaijakeumsuk(說文解字今釋)", "Keummunsangsyungjajen(文常用字典)" and "Hanjakokeumeumpyo(漢字古今音表)" etc.
Studying on "the Same-initial & the Reiterative-final phonetic loan character", came to conclusion that the Same-initial & the Reiterative-final phonetic loan character was influenced by morphologic element rather than semantic element. Frist, in case of the same sound, a letter which was similar in shape to original letter was loaned. In other words, in case of the phonetic compound characters, a letter which had a sound part in common with a original letter was loaned and used. And in case of the combined ideogram characters, a part of the same shape which one letter has in common with another letter was used.
Second, in the article of meaning, making little account of meaning, used phonetic loan character, because in view of the characteristic of phonetic loan character, representing the meaning, usually original meaning is neglected and another letter is used.

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