마한·백제권 석곽묘의 변천 (Developments of Stone outer coffin tombs in the Mahan and Baekje Area)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국상고사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 한국상고사학보 / 88권 / 88호 / 31 ~ 68페이지
· 저자명 : 이진우

초록

본고의 목적은 마한·백제권 석곽묘의 시·공간적 변천과정을 밝히는데 있다. 마한·백제권 석곽묘는 경기·충청·전라지역에서 많은 조사가 이루어졌지만 최근 자료에 대한 분석은 거의 이루어지지 못하였다. 또한석곽묘의 형식학적인 연구에 있어서는 각 속성의 나열에 그치는 경향이 있으며 형식 간 유기적인 관련성에 대한 설명은 적은 편이다.
본고에서는 시간적인 흐름을 반영하는 속성을 기준으로 형식을 설정하여 각 형식 간의 관련성을 파악하고자하였다. 명목형속성인 모서리형태와 석축형태가 시간성을 반영하는 것으로 보고 두 속성을 분석하여 다시 조합하는 방법을 사용하였다. 또한 돌출석은 마한·백제권에서만 확인되며 초기석곽묘의 특징으로 보이기 때문에 이에 대해서도 분석하였다. 석곽묘는 축조기술의 발달과 함께 변화하는 것으로 전제하고 명목형속성을 중심으로 8개 형식을 설정하였으며, 연속형속성을 이용하여 각 형식의 유사성과 차이점을 살펴보았다. 출토된유물을 바탕으로 석곽묘의 형식별 조영기간과 분포범위를 고려하여 3개의 분기와 3개의 권역을 설정하였다.
마한·백제권 석곽묘는 선진문화의 접촉이 유리한 지리적인 이점을 바탕으로 아산만권에서 출현한 것으로보이며, 금강유역권에서는 아산만권에서 파급된 석곽묘와 전북 동부지역의 영향을 받은 석곽묘가 성행하다가하위계층화가 진행되면서 쇠퇴하는 것으로 판단된다.
마한·백제권 석곽묘 축조세력과 백제의 관계는 위세품을 통해 살펴보았다. 당시 백제는 국내외적인 혼란으로 인해 중요 지역에 위치한 지방 세력과의 유대강화 및 통제를 위해 위세품을 사여하는 시기였다. 각 지방의 토착세력은 백제와의 관계 속에서 자신들의 위계 표현을 위해 새로운 석곽묘를 도입한 것으로 보인다. 영산강유역권에도 부분적으로 석곽묘가 도입되지만 이 지역에서는 독자적인 대형 옹관묘가 성행하고 있었기 때문에석곽묘의 도입 시기가 늦으면서 제한적이었던 것으로 보인다.

영어초록

The purpose of this thesis are to specifically identify temporal and spatial change processes of stone outer coffin tombs in Mahan and Baekje area through the stone outer coffin tombs' type classification.
The stone outer coffin tombs of Mahan and Baekje area are found in Gyeonggi, Chungcheong and Jeolla areas, and many surveys were made in terms of the number of the stone outer coffin tombs.
However, an analysis on the recent data has hardly been conducted. Researches on the study of stone outer coffin tomb's type are mostly limited to the enumeration of each type's properties, and explanation on organic relevance between types has not been made greatly. To complement these limitations, this research examined relevance between each type by setting types based on properties reflecting temporal trends.
Since this research regards that nominal properties, namely, the edge shape and stonework shape reflect temporality, a method to analyze the two properties and combine them again was used. The protruded stone structure was identified only in Mahan and Baekje area, and such a structure seems to be the characteristics of initial stage stone outer coffin tombs. For this reason, this research analyzed the protruded stones. In this research, there was a premise that stone outer coffin tombs would change in the direction of building technology development. This research set a total of 8 types, and investigated the similarity and difference of each type using continuous properties.
To review the validity of type classification, this research investigated whether the change of the relics excavated from the stone outer coffin tombs and the change of the stone outer coffin tomb types matched. As a result of the review, type classification's validity was proved to some degree. Based on detailed chronology through such a finding and excavated relics, this research set 3 periods and 3 regions in consideration of building period and distribution scope by stone outer coffin tomb type.
The stone outer coffin stones of Mahan and Baekje area seemed to appear in Asan Bay Region. In the Geum River basin, the stone outer coffin tombs were prevalent, centered on the two types: one that developed structurally by being introduced in Asan Bay Region and the other one affected by the eastern area of Jeollabuk-do Province. Since then, the sub-stratification of the stone outer coffin tombs was carried out, and then, the stone outer coffin tombs in the decline period was judged to appear.
The stone outer coffin tombs of Mahan and Baekje area was considered to be built based on geographic advantage, where the contact with advanced culture was easier. This research examined the relationship with Baekje through prestige goods. The time of building stone outer coffin tombs corresponded to the period when Baekje awarded prestige goods to consolidate ties with local influence groups and control them that were located in important areas, because of internal and external confusion. Local influential group with some degree of autonomy seemed to introduce stone outer coffin tombs to differentiate their tomb system from Baekje in terms of the relationship with Baekje. Also, some stone outer coffin tombs were introduced to other small and medium influential groups and in the Yeongsan River basin in terms of mutually organic relationship between stone outer coffin tomb building groups. However, the reason why introduction of stone outer coffin tombs was delayed in the Yeongsan River basin was that the introduction of them was not much needed, due to the region's unique culture of Jar Coffin Tombs and introduce of Stone chamber tomb of Wae's styles.

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