명대 監軍제도와 임진왜란시 파병 明軍의 監軍 (The Military Supervisor Institution in the Ming Dynasty and the Military Supervisor of the Ming Army Dispatched during the Imjin War)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 동양사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 동양사학연구 / 137호 / 51 ~ 96페이지
· 저자명 : 김경록

초록

Emperor Hongwu(洪武帝)’s military thought stems from domination history of China and has been influenced a lot by traditional military system in china’s history. The political trend to strengthen imperial power continued in Ming dynasty. Emperor Hongwu abolished prime ministership by reason of the uprising of Hu, Wei-Yong(胡惟庸), and put 6 Ministry directly under jurisdiction of emperor. Besides that, in order to control military power more tightly, Hongwu emperor divided the right of military administration(軍政權) and the right of military command(軍令權).
During Hongwu reign, Emperor Hongwu insisted on the military thought that military control served for the maintenance and consolidation of dynasty. His military thought determined his military policy and influenced the later history of Ming dynasty deeply. Hongwu period was meaningful in established of the new Military Command System(軍事指揮體系) and instituting the Military System(軍制) besides common change of era. The representative military system of Ming Dynasty, and it is influenced not only China history but also Korea history, Japan history the neighboring countries.
In the establishment and consolidation process in the Ming Dynasty, the army made distinctions won in battle. The Ming dynasty ruled in order to maintain their rule interests and Ming world order(明 中心 國際秩序), prevent the Han(韓) and Tang(唐) Dynasties as separatist forces in the situation appears. The Ming rulers adopted a series of related measures, to strengthen the supervision and control of the military. The military supervisor(監軍) system, experienced a gradual process of development and change, Hongwu Period with the defensibly system, and establish the system of eunuch military supervisor(宦官監軍) Yongle period, to declare a virtuous and later appeared in preparation of a civil servant military supervisor(文官監軍) system composed by the governor, governor, provincial investigating censor and soldiers, thus forming a strict military supervision system.
The Ming's military system has changed drastically by economic, social, political changes and change of international politics. The Ming tried to prevent military command system was relaxed by frequent the war by strengthening the authority of the supervisor. The Imjin War(壬辰倭亂) was the clearest example.
In the late of 16th century, Imjin War was international war in East Asia and was a big influence in the three kingdoms; Joseon, Ming, Japan. The Ming government finally realized that the Japanese invasion of Joseon posed a serious threat to Ming as well. Dispatched Ming's troops was tried to terminate war by consultation with the Japanese army, and to minimize military conflicts. Dispatched Ming's troops can be divided into advance team, first, second dispatch troops, and additional dispatch of forces from time to time. Dispatched Ming's troops to configure the Joseon-Ming Combined Forces(朝明聯合軍) fought with Japanese army.
Ming's troops was made up north and south army, that command by the various commanders from various experience, so was a severe conflict and feud in the armed forces. General to carry out military operations and military supervisor(監軍) oversees the operations, Gyeongnyak(經略) was total commands the army. Military supervisor manage general's military operations and report to the emperor of the result. Totally, Ming's troops, including general and military supervisor was connected political forces of the central government so could not duties efficiently.

영어초록

Emperor Hongwu(洪武帝)’s military thought stems from domination history of China and has been influenced a lot by traditional military system in china’s history. The political trend to strengthen imperial power continued in Ming dynasty. Emperor Hongwu abolished prime ministership by reason of the uprising of Hu, Wei-Yong(胡惟庸), and put 6 Ministry directly under jurisdiction of emperor. Besides that, in order to control military power more tightly, Hongwu emperor divided the right of military administration(軍政權) and the right of military command(軍令權).
During Hongwu reign, Emperor Hongwu insisted on the military thought that military control served for the maintenance and consolidation of dynasty. His military thought determined his military policy and influenced the later history of Ming dynasty deeply. Hongwu period was meaningful in established of the new Military Command System(軍事指揮體系) and instituting the Military System(軍制) besides common change of era. The representative military system of Ming Dynasty, and it is influenced not only China history but also Korea history, Japan history the neighboring countries.
In the establishment and consolidation process in the Ming Dynasty, the army made distinctions won in battle. The Ming dynasty ruled in order to maintain their rule interests and Ming world order(明 中心 國際秩序), prevent the Han(韓) and Tang(唐) Dynasties as separatist forces in the situation appears. The Ming rulers adopted a series of related measures, to strengthen the supervision and control of the military. The military supervisor(監軍) system, experienced a gradual process of development and change, Hongwu Period with the defensibly system, and establish the system of eunuch military supervisor(宦官監軍) Yongle period, to declare a virtuous and later appeared in preparation of a civil servant military supervisor(文官監軍) system composed by the governor, governor, provincial investigating censor and soldiers, thus forming a strict military supervision system.
The Ming's military system has changed drastically by economic, social, political changes and change of international politics. The Ming tried to prevent military command system was relaxed by frequent the war by strengthening the authority of the supervisor. The Imjin War(壬辰倭亂) was the clearest example.
In the late of 16th century, Imjin War was international war in East Asia and was a big influence in the three kingdoms; Joseon, Ming, Japan. The Ming government finally realized that the Japanese invasion of Joseon posed a serious threat to Ming as well. Dispatched Ming's troops was tried to terminate war by consultation with the Japanese army, and to minimize military conflicts. Dispatched Ming's troops can be divided into advance team, first, second dispatch troops, and additional dispatch of forces from time to time. Dispatched Ming's troops to configure the Joseon-Ming Combined Forces(朝明聯合軍) fought with Japanese army.
Ming's troops was made up north and south army, that command by the various commanders from various experience, so was a severe conflict and feud in the armed forces. General to carry out military operations and military supervisor(監軍) oversees the operations, Gyeongnyak(經略) was total commands the army. Military supervisor manage general's military operations and report to the emperor of the result. Totally, Ming's troops, including general and military supervisor was connected political forces of the central government so could not duties efficiently.

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